UC-NRLF 


$B    bO    517 


GIFT   OF 
txxrcSL    YYV  oJvXSbw 


V  ^ 


Photo,  by  Hills  &  Bowers, 
Burlington,  Vt. 


Copyright,  according  to  Act  of  Congress, 
1873. 


THE  STEPHENSON   STATUE 

OF 

ETHAN     ALLEN 


EXERCISES 


ATTENDING    THE 


UNVEILING  AND  PRESENTATION 


Statue  of  Gen.  Ethan  Allen 


BXJPlLIlsrG-TOZSr3  "V^EIRJVEOISrT, 

July    4th,    1873, 

INCLUDING  AN 

ORATION  BY  HON.  L.  E.  CHITTENDEN. 


BURLINGTON  : 

FREE      PRESS       PRINT 

1874. 


\rf 


>x 


.^ 


<l 


At 


EXERCISES 


ATTENDING 


THE     UNVEILING 

OF    THE 

STATUE  OF  GEN.  ETHAN  ALLEN, 

July  4/rrf,   1S73. 


The  monument  to  Ethan  Allen,  in  Green  Mount  Cemetery 
in  Burlington,  was  erected  by  the  State  of  Vermont,  by 
authority  of  an  act  of  Legislature,  passed  in  1855,  which 
appropriated  $2,000  for  that  purpose.  It  is  of  Barre  granite. 
The  base  of  the  pedestal  is  eight  feet  square  on  the  ground, 
and  consists  of  two  steps  of  granite,  on  which  rests  a  die  of  solid 
granite  six  feet  square,  in  the  four  faces  of  which  are  set 
panels  of  white  marble  bearing  the  inscriptions. 

Above  the  pedestal  rises  a  Tuscan  shaft,  of  granite,  four 
and  a  half  feet  in  diameter  and  forty-two  feet  high.  Upon  its 
capital,  on  a  base  bearing  the  word  "Ticonderoga,"  stands  a 
heroic  statue  of  Allen,  eight  feet  four  inches  high,  modelled 
by  Peter  Stephenson,  sculptor,  of  Boston,  now  deceased,  and 
cut  in  Italy.  The  monument  is  protected  by  a  fence  of  origi- 
nal design,  the  corner  posts  of  which  are  iron  cannon  and  the 
pales  muskets,  with  bayonets,  resting  on  a  base  of  cut  granite. 

The  inscriptions  are  as  follows  : 


383317 


4 


(  On  the   West  face. ) 


VERMONT 

to 

ETHAN  ALLEN 

BORN 

in  Litchfield  Ct  lothjan  A  D  1737 

DIED 

in  Burlington  Vt  12th  Feb  A  D  178c 

and  buried  near  the  site  of 

this  monument 


(On  the  North  face.) 

i  The 


Leader  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys 
in  the  Surprise  and  Capture  of 

TICONDEROGA 

which  he  demanded  in  the  name 

of  the  Great  Jehovah  and  the 

Continental  Congress 


(On  the  East  face.) 

Taken 
Prisoner  in  a  daring  attack  on  Montreal 

and  transported  to  England 

he  disarmed  the  purpose  of  his  enemy 

by  the  respect  which  he  inspired 

for  the 

REBELLION  AND  THE  REBEL 


(On  the  South  face.) 


Wielding 

the  pen  as  well  as  the  sword,  he  was  the 

Sagacious  and  intrepid 

DEFENDER 

of  the  New  Hampshire  Grants,  and 

Master    Spirit 

in  the  arduous  struggle  which  resulted  in  the 

Sovereignty  and  Independence 

of  this  State 


.  The  History  of  the  Stephenson  statue  of  Ethan  Allen, 
previous  to  its  inauguration  at  Burlington,  July  4th,  1873,  is 
concisely  related  in  the  address  of  Hon.  John  N.  Pomeroy,  of 
the  Committee  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  over  the  grave 
of  Gen.  Allen,  to  be  found  in  the  following  pages. 

When  word  had  been  received  from  Italy  of  the  comple- 
tion of  the  statue  and  its  approaching  shipment  to  this  country, 
it  became  necessary  to  make  proper  arrangements  for  its  erection. 
It  was  deemed  proper  to  connect  with  this  some  formal  cere- 
monies of  presentation  and  inauguration,  and  that  the  State  of 
Vermont,  as  such,  should,  through  its  Executive  and  other 
officials,  recognize  the  occasion. 

To  this  end.  His  Excellency  Julius  Converse,  Governor  of 
Vermont,  on  the  13th  of  March,  1873,  appointed  the  following 
gentlemen,  all  of  Burlington,  a  Committee  to  make  arrange- 
ments for  the  Inauguration  of  the  Statue  : 

Luther  C.   Dodge,   Mayor  of  the  City  of  Burlington, 

Hon.  Edward  J.  Phelps,  of  Burlington, 

lion.  William  G.  Shaw,  of  Burlington, 

Hon.  Geo.  Grenville  Benedict,  of  Burlington. 

The  Committee  accepted  the  appointment  and  held  their 
first  meeting  at  the  house  of  E.  J.  Phelps,  in  Burlington, 
March  26th,  1873. 

The  Committee  organized  by  the  choice  of  L.  C.  Dodge 
as  Chairman  and  G.  G.  Benedict  as  Secretary,  and  increased 
its  number  by  adding  the  following  gentlemen  to  the  Committee  : 

Hon.  F.  C.  Kennedy,  of  Winooski, 
Edward  W.  Peck,  Esq.,  of  Burlington, 
William  A.  Crombie,  Esq.,  of  Burlington, 
Warren  Root,  Esq.,  of  Burlington. 

At  subsequent  meetings  the  following  gentlemen  were 
appointed  as  a  General  State  Committee  of  Arrangements  : 


GENERAL     COMMITTEE    OF    ARRANGEMENTS. 

Ex-Gov.  John  W.   Stewart.  Hon.  Geo.  W.  Grandey,  Ad- 
dison Co. 

Hon.  A.  B.  Gardner,  Hon.  M.  S.  Colburn,  Bennington  Co. 
Henry  Chase,  Esq.,  Hon.  Horace  Fairbanks,  Caledonia  Co. 
Hon.  Jed  P.  Clark,  Henry  Gillett,  Esq.,  Chittenden  Co. 
Hon.  Geo.  N.  Bale,  Hon.  T.  G.  Beattie,  Essex  Co. 
Hon.  Worthington  C.  Smith,  Dr.  Geo.  M.  Hall,  Franklin 


Co. 
Co. 


Rev.  0.  G.  Wheeler,  Hon.  Giles  Harrington,  Grand  Isle 


Waldo  Brigham,  Esq.,  Hon.  Asa  R.  Camp,  Lamoille  Co. 

C.  W.  Clarke,  Esq.,  Hon.  Roswell  Farnham,  Orange  Co. 

J.  L.  Edwards,  Esq.,  Hon.  Elijah  Cleveland,  Orleans  Co. 

Hon.  Pitt  W.  Hyde,  John  Cain,  Esq.,  Rutland  Co. 

Ex-Gov.  Paul  Dillingham,  Hon.  Daniel  Baldwin,  Wash- 
ington Co. 

J.  H.Williams,  Esq.,  Ex-Gov.  Frederick  Holbrook,  Wind- 
ham Co. 

Hon.  William  Rounds,  Paul  D.  Dean,  Esq.,  Windsor  Co. 

The  Fourth  of  July,  1873,  was  selected  as  the  day  for 
the  Inauguration. 

Hon.  Lucius  E.  Chittenden,  of  New  York,  was  elected 
Orator. 

Gen.  George  P.  Foster,  of  Burlington,  Avas  elected  Grand 
Marshal  of  the  Day. 

Subordinate  Committees  on  Invitations,  Printing,  to  pro- 
cure Subscriptions  of  Funds,  to  arrange  with  the  Governor  and 
Adjutant  General  for  the  presence  of  the  First  Regiment  of 
State  Militia,  to  arrange  with  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the 
presence  of  the  Company  of  U.  S.  Troops  stationed  at  Platts- 
burgh,  to  select  location  and  erect  a  suitable  platform  for  the 
speakers  and  guests  of  the  day,  and  for  other  purposes,  were 
appointed. 


•  The  City  Council  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  made  an  appropria- 
tion of  $500  towards  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  celebration. 
The  Central  Vt.  Railroad  Company,  the  Champlain  Transport- 
ation Company,  the  hotel  proprietors,  and  many  citizens,  con- 
tributed liberally  to  the  funds  of  the  Committee. 

On  the  14th  of  June,  1873,  the  following  gentlemen,  of 
Burlington  and  Winooski,  were  added  to  the  local  Committee 
of  Arrangements  : 

Gen.  W.  W.  Henry,  Gen.  J.  L.  Barstow, 

Warren  Gibbs,  Bradley  B.  Smalley, 

Elmore  Johnson,  G.  S.  Appleton, 

C.  II.  Bloduett,  C.  W.  Woodhouse, 
J.  B.  Small,  E.  W.  Chase, 

L.  B.  Platt,  Jr.,  Hon.  A.  J.  Crane, 

D.  C.  Barber,  D.  C.  Linsley, 

W.  S.  Greene. 

A  level  field  of  twelve  acres,  adjoining  Green  Mount  Cem- 
etery on  the  west,  was  selected  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  audience  at  the  Inauguration  services.  A  platform,  with 
chairs  for  three  hundred  persons,  and  covered  with  an  awning, 
was  erected.  In  front  of  the  platform  seats  of  capacity  to  seat 
fifteen  hundred  ladies  were  constructed. 

The  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  the 
General  and  Lieutenant  General  of  the  U.  S.  A.,  the  Governor 
of  New  York,  and  the  Governors  of  the  New  England  States, 
the  Ex-Governors  of  Vermont,  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont,  the  Senators  and  lleprescntatives  of  Ver- 
mont in  Congress,  the  prominent  State  Officials  of  Vermont,  the 
Soldiers  of  the  War  of  1812  surviving  in  the  vicinity,  and  other 
distinguished  citizens  of  Vermont  and  other  states,  were  invited 
to  be  present  as  guests  of  the  citizens  of  Burlington. 

The  unveiling  of  the  Statue  took  place  on  the  day  set, 
July  4th,  1873,  in  the  afternoon. 


8  ■ 
THE     PROCESSION. 

The  procession  formed  on  the  Square,  in  front  of  the  City 
Hall,  under  the  direction  of  Gen.  George  P.  Foster,  Chief 
Marshal,  aided  by  the  following  Assistant  Marshals  : 

Col.  C.  D.  Gates,  of  Cambridge,  Vt.:  Col.  C.  F.  Spauld- 
ing,  Burlington;  Maj.  A.  Austin,  Winooski ;  Capt.  John  J. 
Bain,  Capt.  George  Simpson,  C.  W.  Drew,  Thomas  Failey, 
Oliver  Lamora,  Burlington ;  E.  A.  Morton,  St.  Albans,  C.  J. 
Bell,  Walden,  Vt. 

The  procession  moved  at  2  o'clock,  in  the  following  order  : 

1.  Detachment  of  the  City  Police  of  Burlington,  under 
command  of  Luman  A.  Drew,  Chief  of  Police. 

2.  St.  Albans  Drum  Corps,  and  "  Queen  City"  Band. 

3.  First  Regiment  Vt.  Militia,  (National  Guard  of  Ver- 
mont,) Col.  Theo.  S.  Peck  commanding. 

In  the  centre  of  the  regimental  column  were  drawn  the 
two  brass  field  pieces,  of  revolutionary  memory,  taken  by  Gen. 
Stark,  at  the  battle  of  Bennington,  August  16th,  1777.  These 
had  been  sent  from  Montpelier  by  order  of  the  Governor.  They 
were  guarded  by  a  detachment  of  sixteen  men  dressed  in  the 
continental  uniform  of  cocked  hat,  dress  coat,  buff  vest,  and 
knee  breeches. 

4.  Governor  Converse  and  his  Staff,  consisting  of  Sur- 
geonGencral  J.  M.  Currier,  and  Colonels  Percival  W.  Clement  of 
Rutland,  Albert  A.  Fletcher,  of  Bridport,  Nathan  S.  Clark, 
of  Randolph,  and  Alex.  G.  Watson,  of  Burlington,  Aides-de- 
Camp;  Lieutenant-Governor  Taft,  Adjutant-General  Peck  and 
Quartermaster-General  Lynde .— in  carriages. 

5.  Brevet  Major-General  Richard  Arnold,  U.  S.  A., 
Major  General  B.  S.  Roberts,  Major-General  Geo.  J.  Stannard, 
Major-General  Wm.  Wells,  Brig.-General  Stephen  Thomas,  and 
other  general  officers  of  the  late  war,  in  carriages,  escorted  by 
Company  G,  Fifth  Artillery,  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  J.  A.  Fessenden 
commanding. 


9 

•6.  The  Orator  of  the  day.  Hon.  L.  E.  Chittenden,  of 
New  York ;  the  Chaplain,  President  M.  IT.  Buckham ;  Hon. 
J.  N.  Pomeroy,  of  the  Committee  on  the  monument  and  statue  ; 
Ex-Governors  John  Gregory  Smith  and  John  W.  Stewart, 
in  carriages. 

7.  Invited  Guests,  in  carriages,  among  whom  were  Rev. 
Dr.  Bouton,  of  Concord.  President  of  the  New  Hampshire  His- 
torical Society  ;  Hon.  Luke  P.  Poland.  M.  C:  Hon.  James 
Barrett  and  Hon.  Timothy  P.  Redfield,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont:  Hon.  T.  W.  Park,  John  G.  McCullough,  Esq.,  Hon. 
A.  B.  Gardner,  Hon.  II.  G.  Root,  of  Bennington  :  Hon.  Elijah 
Cleveland,  of  Coventry:  Albert  M.  Wadhams,  of  Goshen,  Ct., 
a  son  of  the  widow  of  Joseph  Allen,  brother  of  Ethan  Allen  ; 
Gen.  II.  II.  Baxter,  Rutland  :  Gen.  P.  P.  Pitkin,  of  Mont- 
pelier ;  Capt,  Chas.  A.  Curtis,  U.  S.  A.,  Professor  in  Norwich 
University,  and  others. 

8.  Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor,  and  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men of  the  City  of  Burlington,  and  Members  of  the  Committee 
of  Arrangements,  in  carriages. 

9.  Soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812,  as  follows  : 

Caleb  E.  Barton,  Charlotte,  served  under  Col.  Williams, 
aged  79. 

Jonathan  Lyon,  Shelburn,  of  Capt.  II.  Barnes'  company. 
Vermont  Militia,  aged  82. 

Kelly  Ranslow,  Shelburn.  sergeant  in  Captain  R.  Nilson's 
company,  Vermont  Militia,  aged  80. 

Pitt  E.  Hewett,  Charlotte,  of  Captain  M.  Brow's  compa- 
ny, Vermont  Militia,  aged  79. 

William  Ballou,  Williston,  Captain  0.  Lowcry's  company, 
Vermont  Militia,  aged  81. 

Timothy  Burdick,  LTnderhill,  of  Captain  Bliss's  company, 
Eleventh  Infantry,  aged  84. 

Ira  Hill,  Isle  La  Motte,  of  Captain  Pettis'  company,  Ver- 
mont Militia,  aged  76. 


10 

"Russell  Lawrence,  Burlington,  of  Captain  Saxe's  company, 
Vermont  Militia,  aged  80. 

John  Moses,  Hinesburgh,  of  Captain  Clark's  company, 
Eleventh  Infantry,  aged  78. 

John  Parker,  Colchester,  of  Captain  Smead's  company, 
Eleventh  Infantry,  aged  77. 

J.  B.  Hollenbcck,  Burlington,  of  Captain  Stone's  company, 
Vermont  Militia,  aged  80. 

Ileman  Hosford,  Charlotte,  aged  80. 

Luman  Case,  Bristol,  aged  81. 

William  T.  Clark,  Rutland,  aged  79. 

Ira  Dickinson,  Underhill,  of  Captain  Sandford's  company, 
Thirtieth  United  States  Infantry,  aged  79. 

Orange  Phelps,  Milton,  of  Captain  Mansfield's  company. 
Vermont  Militia,  aged  81. 

10.  Officers  of  the  Vermont  Department  of  the  Society 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  carriages,  as  follows  : 

Col.  W.  G.  Veazey,  Rutland,  Department  Commander. 

Lieut.  J.  II.  Goulding,  Rutland,  Adjutant  General. 

Col.  L.  G.  Kingsley,  Rutland,  Quartermaster  General. 

Capt.  Fred  E.  Smith,  Montpclier,  Inspector. 

Col.  H.  S.  Hard,  Arlington  :  Col.  Albert  Clarke,  St.  Al- 
bans ;  E.  J.  McWain,  West  Randolph,  Council  of  Administra- 
tion. 

R.  J.  Coffey,  Waitsfield  ;  J.  J.  Pratt,  Montpelier ;  Major 
J.  A.  Salsbury,  Rutland  :  Col.  Kittredge  Haskins,  Brattleboro, 
Aides-de-Camp. 

11.  Sherman  Cornet  Band,  of  Winooski. 

12.  The  Burlington  Post  Post  Stannard  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  Veterans  of  the  late  war. 

13.  Civic  Societies,  including  the  Society  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  St.  Joseph's  Society,  and  the  Hibernian  Society,  of 
Burlington. 

14.  St.  Mary's  Cornet  Band,  of  Burlington. 


11 

15.  The  Fire  Departments  of  Burlington  and  W'inooski, 
led  by  Chief  Engineer  II.  S.  White,  in  the  following  order  : — 
Boxer  Engine  Co..  Winooski  Steamer  Co.,  Ethan  Allen  Engine 
Co.,  Volunteer  Hose  Co.,  Star  Hose  Co.,  Howard  Hose  Co., 
Clipper  Hose  Co.,  Barnes  Hose  Co., — all  in  uniform. 

16.  Citizens  in  carriages,  the  number  of  carriages  being 
estimated  at  five  hundred. 

The  procession  marched  around  the  Square,  thence 
through  College  street  to  Colchester  Avenue,  and  through 
Colchester  Avenue  to  Green  Mount  Cemetery.  Here  a  large 
concourse  of  citizens  of  both  sexes  had  assembled.  Including 
those  in  the  procession  it  was  estimated  that  about  ten  thousand 
persons  were  on  the  ground. 


THE  INAUGURATION   SERVICES. 

Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor  of  Burlington,  presided.  The 
services  opened  with  an  impressive  prayer  by  the  Chaplain, 
President  M.  II.  Buckham,  of  the  University  of  Vermont. 

The  Hymn  "God  and  our  Country,"  composed  by  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  was  next  sung  by  a  choir  of  twenty  male 
voices,  furnished  by  the  St.  Albans  Glee  Club  and  the  Harmonic 
Society  of  Burlington,  to  music  specially  composed  for  the 
occasion  by  S.  C.  Moore  of  Burlington. 

The  unveiling  of  the  Statue  followed.  At  a  signal  gun, 
fired  from  a  twenty-pound  brass  field-piece,  the  drapery  which 
had  covered  the  marble  parted  and  dropped,  disclosing  the  fine 
proportions  and  spirited  attitude  of  the  Statue,  amid  the  cheers 
of  the  multitude.  The  soldiers  saluted  the  Statue,  by  presen- 
ting arms ;  and  the  formal  presentation  followed,  by  Hon.  John 
N.  Pomeroy,  of  the  original  Commission  for  the  erection  of  the 
monument. 


12 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  HON.  JOHN  N.  POMEROY. 

To  His  Excellency  Governor  Julius  Converse  : 

HONORED  Sir: — It  is  an  appropriate  and  happy  coinci- 
dence of  events,  which  unites  the  celebration  of  the  declaration 
of  our  National  Independence  with  the  Inauguration  of  a  heroic 
statue,  in  marble,  in  honor  of  the  man.  who  in  advance  of  that 
immortal  declaration,  struck  the  first  aggressive  blow  upon  the 
enemy  in  the  surprise  and  capture  of  the  important  fortress  of 
Ticonderoga.  And  it  is  a  happy  day  for  those  intrusted  with 
the  accomplishment  of  this  honorary  work  of  art,  interesting 
and  gratifying  as  was  its  object,  to  be  relieved  of  the  duties  and 
responsibilities  that  trust  imposed,  and  to  give  an  account  of 
their  stewardship. 

When  the  granite  column,  erected  to  the  memory  of  Ethan 
Allen  in  this  cemetery,  was  completed,  the  committee  who  had 
had  that  work  in  charge  (the  Hon.  George  P.  Marsh  and  the 
one  who  now  addresses  you)  procured  the  passage  of  an  act  of 
the  Legislature  authorizing  the  erection  of  a  heroic  statue  in 
granite  or  marble  upon  the  capstone  of  the  monument,  without 
expense  to  the  State.  To  the  same  committee  was  given,  by 
said  act,  the  charge  of  the  contemplated  work ;  and,  little  an- 
ticipating the  years  that  might  be  required  to  accomplish  it,  they 
at  once  entered  upon  its  duties — called  upon  the  artists  of  the 
country  for  designs,  and  undertook  to  raise  the  necessary  funds 
by  a  contribution  of  one  dollar  each,  from  Vermonters.  To 
Mr.  Larkin  (Jr.  Mead,  at  that  time  a  promising  young  sculptor 
of  Brattleboro,  was  awarded  the  preference  in  design,  and  he 
accordingly  executed  a  model,  which  was  approved  and  adopted 
by  the  committee,  and  he  was  expected  to  commence  work  on 
the  marble  as  soon  as  the  funds  would  justify  it.  The  experi- 
ment for  raising  the  money  was  not  successful  and  fell  far  short 
of  the  estimated  expense  of  the  work — and  in  the  meantime,  the 
Legislature,  after  declining  an  appropriation  of  one  thousand  dol- 


13 

lars  in  aid  of  this  object,  appropriated  the  sum  of  two  thousand 
dollars  for  a  statue  in  marble  of  the  same  patriot;  and  taking 
the  model  and  artist  that  the  committee  had  selected,  and  the 
block  of  marble  which  had  been  proffered  them,  caused  to  be 
made  a  statue,  which  now  stands  in  the  Capitol  of  the  State. 
The  discouraging  effect  of  this  course,  with  the  absence  of  Mr. 
Marsh  as  our  Minister  to  Italy  for  the  last  twelve  years 
(though  still  continuing  his  interest  in  the  work  and  his  posi- 
tion as  one  of  the  committee),  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  which 
for  years  absorbed  nearly  all  other  interests,  and  the  great  dis- 
parity between  our  funds  and  the  demands  of  the  artists,  must 
account  for,  if  not  excuse,  the  long  delay  in  the  consummation 
of  the  work  of  the  committee.  But  this  delay  was  not  without 
its  compensations,  as  will  appear  from  a  statement  of  our  funds, 
which  have  in  the  meantime  been  profitably  invested.  The 
amount  received  from  the  first  contribution,  which  terminated 
on  the  1st  of  January,  1861,  was  six  hundred  and  fifty-four 
dollars  and  thirty-two  cents;  the  amount  received  on  the  sub- 
scription of  November,  1870,  was  five  hundred  and  eighty-one 
dollars ;  making  the  whole  amount  received  by  the  committee 
from  contribution  and  subscription,  for  this  object,  thirteen 
hundred  and  sixty  dollars  and  twenty-four  cents.  This  sum, 
with  the  accruing  interest,  amounted  on  the  1st  of  January  last 
to  the  sum  of  twenty-seven  hundred  and  nine  dollars  and  two 
cents ;  which  with  the  interest  since  accrued,  (there  being  no 
charge  by  the  committee  for  their  services)  will  cover  the  whole 
expense  of  the  statue  and  leave  a  small  balance  in  the  hands  of 
the  committee,  which  if  not  otherwise  ordered,  will  be  perma- 
nently funded  to  defray  the  expense  of  keeping  in  order  the 
Statue,  monument  and  grounds.  It  is  but  just  to  say  that  for 
these  original  subscriptions  and  contributions,  we  are  largely 
indebted  to  the  patriotic  exertions  of  Mr.  Warren  Root  of  this 
city. 

The  statue  was  modeled  after  a  design  of  Peter  Stephenson, 
of  Boston,  now  deceased,   a  sculptor  distinguished  by   many 


14 

works  of  art,  particularly  a  statue  of  the  "Wounded  Indian," 
which  was  exhibited  and  much  admired  at  the  great  exhibition 
in  London  in  1851.  As  no  likeness  of  Ethan  Allen  was  known 
to  exist,  and  no  information  could  be  expected  from  any  remain- 
ing contemporary,  the  resemblance  of  the  design  to  the  original 
is  only  such  as  his  age,  current  tradition  and  the  imagination  of 
the  artist  would  suggest.  The  time  selected  by  the  artist  to  be 
represented  in  the  statue,  was  when  Ethan  Allen,  on  the  10th 
day  of  May,  1775,  at  the  age  of  thirty-eight  years,  made  the 
world-renowned  demand  for  the  surrender  of  Ticonderoga 
"  in  the  name  of  the  Great  Jehovah  and  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  !"  And  the  artist  has  succeeded  in  pre- 
senting the  manly  form  and  appropriate  expression  of  one 
who  is  earnestly  making  a  solemn  demand— with  his  left  hand 
pointing  upward,  indicating  his  High  Authority,  and  with  his 
right  grasping  his  sword  as  the  means  of  enforcement,  while  at 
his  feet,  a  military  mortar  characterizes  the  act  as  one  of  civi- 
lized warfare.  This  design,  under  a  contract  with  the  commit- 
tee, made  in  January,  1872,  has  been  embodied  in  a  marble 
statue  eight  feet  and  four  inches  in  height,  Avrought  at  Carrara, 
Italy,  by  the  firm  of  Cassoni  and  Isola  of  Carrara  and  New- 
York,  and  by  them  transported  and  placed  where  it  now  stands 
on*  yonder  granite  column — a  splendid  specimen  of  monumental 
marble  and  sculptural  art. 

In  the  bottom  of  the  granite  pedestal  of  the  statue  is 
placed  an  air-tight  casket  of  lead,  in  which  is  deposited  for  the 
gratification  of  some  future  and  far  off  age,  the  act  authorizing 
the  statue  ;  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  the  completion  of 
the  monument;  the  "Narrative  of  Ethan  Allen,"  Hugh  Moore's 
Memoir,  and  Sparks'  Life  of  Ethan  Allen ;  the  literary  period- 
icals and  magazines  of  the  day,  illustrated  and  otherwise  ;  Hon. 
L.  E.  Chittenden's  address  before  the  Vermont  Historical  Soci- 
ety, on  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga ;  the  newspapers  of  the 
State  and  of  many  of  the  cities ;  TyndalFs  and  other  lectures ; 
the  Tribune  Almanac  ;  Appleton's   Railroad   Guide  ;  Walton's 


15 

Vermont  Register  ;  specimens  of  our  paper  currency  ;  photo- 
graphs of  the  hand-writing  and  autograph  of  Ethan  Allen  ;  va- 
rious garden  and  agricultural  seeds  ;  and  the  programme  of  this 
celebration. 

And  now,  honored  sir,  this  statue,  in  honor  of  one  of  our 
most  distinguished  heroes,  having  been  completed  and  placed 
upon  the  monument  for  which  it  was  designed,  and  the  functions 
of  the  committee  in  this  behalf  having  ceased,  it  remains  to  us 
but  to  formally  execute  the  purpose  of  the  contributors  and  pre- 
sent the  same,  as  we  hereby  do,  to  the  State  he  so  dearly  loved, 
and  which  you,  sir,  so  honorably  represent.  And  long  may  it 
stand  over  the  sacred  ashes  of  the  patriot  soldier — the  ornament 
of  this  beautiful  spot  on  the  banks  of  the  Winooski  appropri- 
ately backed  by  the  Green  Mountains  on  the  east,  and  boldly 
facin^  the  Adirondacks  on  the  west — in  view  of  that  rural  re- 
treat  where  at  the  age  of  fifty-two  years  he  died,  and  of  that 
beautiful  and  historic  Lake  which  ninety-seven  years  ago  bore 
him  and  his  Green  Mountain  boys  to  the  bold  assault  upon  Ti- 
conderoga,  and  which  still  washes  its  interesting  ruins.  Yes, 
sir,  long  may  it  stand  on  its  granite  pedestal,  through  the  com- 
ing centuries,  to  bear  testimony  to  the  high  appreciation  of  a 
grateful  people  of  one,  who,  with  an  ever  active  and  dauntless 
spirit,  by  the  pen  and  voice  as  well  as  the  sword,  warred  against 
the  most  desperate  and  powerful  enemies  successfully,  and 
largely  contributed  to  the  establishment  of  a  State  and  the  In- 
dependence of  a  Nation  !  And  when  time  and  storms  shall 
crumble  this  stately  column  and  statue,  as  crumble  they  must, 
and  the  antiquarian  of  the  future  shall  explore  the  ruins  and 
develope  the  contents  of  the  leaden  casket  they  enclosed,  may 
it  be  divulged  to  a  free  and  noble  people,  who  shall  still  recog- 
nize this  glorious  anniversary,  and  cherish  the  memory  of 
Ethan  Allen. 

To  this  address  Governor  Converse  responded  as  follows  : 


16 

GOVERNOR     CONVERSE'S   RESPONSE. 

Mr.  Pomeroy  : — 

In  the  name  and  behalf  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  it  be- 
comes my  duty,  as  it  certainly  is  my  pleasure,  to  accept  the 
munificent  gift  you  have  so  gracefully  and  cordially  tendered  to 
our  State. 

I  do,  therefore,  in  the  name  of  the  State,  and  in  presence 
of  this  vast  assemblage  of  our  fellow  citizens,  most  gratefully 
accept  the  same. 

In  the  hearing  of  this  "  cloud  of  witnesses,''  I  also  declare 
the  sincere  and  unaffected  thanks  of  the  State  for  the  same. 
Without  hesitation  I  assure  you,  sir,  and  the  noble  gentlemen 
with  whom  you  are  associated,  that  this  announcement  finds 
ready  response  in  the  heart  of  every  Vermonter,  as  well  as  ev- 
ery patriot  in  our  nation.  Permit  me  to  assure  you  personally, 
that  this  most  valued  and  acceptable  gift  excites  a  keener  relish 
from  the  eloquent  and  cordial  manner  in  which  it  has  been  pre- 
sented. It  challenges  our  admiration  as  well  as. stirs  our  patri- 
otism. 

As  an  assurance  of  the  just  appreciation  with  which  this 
honored  gift  is  received,  in  the  name  of  the  State  I  promise  that 
the  same  shall  be  vigilantly  guarded  and  tenderly  cherished  as 
lono-  as  the  marble  shall  endure,  or  deeds  of  noble  daring 
shall  find  admirers  amongst  the  brave  and  the  good.  For  all 
this  I  tender  you,  before  these  witnesses,  the  best  of  security, 
— /  pledge  you  the  honor,  the  bravery  and  the  patriotism  of 
Vermont. 


The  Governor  spoke  with  great  vigor,  and  his  closing  pledge 
was  endorsed  by  the  hearty  applause  of  the  audience. 

After  martial  music,  the  orator  of  the  day,  Hon.  Lucius 
E.  Chittenden,  of  New  York,  great-grandson  of  Thomas  Chit- 
tenden, of  honored  memory,  the  first  Governor  of  Vermont,  was 
introduced  and  welcomed  with  applause. 


17 
MR.  CHITTENDEN'S  ORATION. 


There  is  one  Republic  which  is  not  ungrateful.  Vermont 
this  day  records  her  gratitude  to  one  of  her  founders,  upon 
crystalline  granite  and  unsullied  marble,  the  visible  monument 
of  a  record  graven  in  the  memories  of  her  people,  in  characters 
as  Imperishable  as  her  everlasting  hills.  By  these  imposing 
ceremonies,  to  which  she  has  contributed  all  the  glory  and 
splendor  which  the  growth  of  a  century  enables  her  to  bestow, 
she  proclaims  her  obligation  and  fulfills  her  promise  to  those 
who  serve  her  well.  In  this  act  of  consecration,  no  one  of  her 
children  willingly  fails  to  bear  his  part.  Party  and  sect,  creed 
and  platform,  are  silent  beside  this  moss-grown  grave:  and 
within  the  limits  of  human  civilization  there  is  no  Vermonters 
heart  that  does  not  beat  with  a  warmer  thrijl  at  the  thought  of 
this  one  deed  of  grateful  remembrance,  that  does  not  unite 
with  us  in  spirit  in  its  public  manifestation.  Let  us  study  the 
lesson  it  teaches,  and  find,  if  we  may.  tiic  origin  and  foundation 
of  the  universal  honor  of  Vermonters  for  the  memory  of 
Ethan  Allen. 

Through  all  historic  time,  emigration  has  moved  westward 
in  an  almost  unbroken  wave.  Since  it  washed  the  foot  of  Cal-* 
vary,  it  has  borne  upon  its  crest  the  symbol  of  the  Cross,  and 
seems  destined  to  keep  it  there  until  the  world-wide  circuit  is 
completed.  But  the  emigration  which  planted  our  common- 
wealth seems  to  have  been  wholly  exceptional.  It  is  not  to  be 
accounted  for  upon  the  ordinary  principles  of  human  action. 
The  wave  was  sweeping  over  the  continent,  carrying  before  it 
into  their  graves,  tribes,  nations  and  peoples.  All  the  west, 
with  its  broad  savannas  and  genial  seasons — rich  in  pasturage 
and  abounding  in  indigenous  products,  Avas  open  to  settlement. 
Here,  there  were  no  such  inducements.  Here  were  no  rivers 
to  become  highways  of  trade,  upon  whose  banks  were  to  rise 


18 

the  commercial  rivals  of  Tyre  and  Venice — no  rich  mines  of 
goM  and  silver  to  tempt  cupidity,  no  nations  to  conquer,  no 
wealth  or  fame  to  acquire.  This  land  was  an  uninhabited 
wilderness,  with  a  hard  climate  and  unyielding  soil.  He  who 
would  subdue  it.  must  bring  with  him  subsistence  until  his  first 
harvest :  and  before  that  could  be  planted  his  own  hands  must 
clear  away  the  growth  of  a  thousand  years. 

I  know  the  common  tradition — that  our  ancestors  were 
soldiers  attracted  here  by  what  they  had  seen  of  the  country  in 
their  Indian  campaigns.  But  what  attraction!-'  could  have  met 
a  soldier's  eye  as  he  tracked  his  wily  enemy  through  these 
pathless  woods?  Dense  forests,  masses  of  fallen  timber,  rocky 
hillsides,  and  torrents  foaming  through  obstructed  courses.  wrere 
visible  everywhere.  Strange  attractions  these  i  And  yet  there 
were  inducements  to  emigrate  hither,  more  powerful  than  the 
precious  stones  of.Ophir  or  the  wealth  of  the  Sierras,  to  the 
best  enterprise  of  New  England.  Here  was  at  least  an  unoc- 
cupied country,  remote  from  all  factitious  sources  of  govern- 
ment or  power,  where  a  Republic  might  be  founded  upon  prin- 
ciples of  natural  right  and  justice,  of  civil  and  religious  liberty. 
They  came  hither.  If  these  were  not  the  inducements  to  their 
coming,  it  was  simply  providential. 

We  are  accustomed  to  look  upon  the  early  settlers  of 
'Vermont  as  rude,  unpolished  men :  and  therein  we  do  them 
some  injustice.  They  po-^essed  few  of  the  graces  of  cultivated 
society,  it  is  true:  and  their  means  of  primary  education,  as  we 
understand  the  term,  were  very  limited.  But  on  this  western 
continent  there  was  no  better  class  of  men.  They  were  the 
most  enterprising  of  the  young  citizens  of  the  older  New  Eng- 
land colonies — none  others  would  have  breasted  the  dangers 
and  borne  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life  on  this  remote  frontier. 
Where  teachers  were  not,  they  taught  themselves.  They  could 
read  and  write  :  and  one  thing  all  of  them  could  do.  better  than 
most  of  us  Avho  have  had  modern  advantages — they  could  think! 
The  process  of   self-education   in  those   days  produced   some 


19 

remarkable    anomalies.      They   were   wretched    grammarians. 

Some,  who  could  construct  a  bridge  upon  mathematical,  or  lay 
out  a  fort  on  geometric  principles,  could  not  write  a  compound 
sentence  correctly  to  save  their  lives.  Others,  who  had  never 
mastered  the  primary  rules  in  arithmetic,  wrote  very  good 
treatises  upon  constitutional  law.  Their  orthography  was  very 
poor,  but  they  were  well  informed  in  history  and  the  current 
events  of  the  day,  and  there  were  few  among  them  who  had 
nut  a  well-grounded  political  faith,  fur  which  they  could  give 
sound  reasons. 

Among  these  early  emigrants  came  Ethan  Allen.  Born 
in  Litchfield.  Conn.,  of  parents  who  held  the  faith  of  the 
Established  Church,  he  was  the  eldest  of  a  large  family  of 
children  and  the  one  selected  for  a  collegiate  education.  The 
death  of  his  father  in  straitened  circumstances,  obliged  him  to 
abandon  its  pursuit  in  his  eighteenth  year,  and  before  the 
completion  of  his  preparatory  studies.  At  that  early  age  he 
showed  an  aptitude  for  polemical  discussion,  and  took  great 
interest  in  the  political  questions  which  excited  the  American 
Colonies.  lie  had  read  such  books  of  histury  as  were  within 
his  reach,  and  these  were  mure  numerous  than  is  commonly 
supposed.  We  have  his  own  declaratiun  that  he  had  "  acquainted 
himself  with  the  history  of  mankind:*'  and  that  '•his  sincere 
passion  fur  liberty  had  led  him  tu  read  the  histury  of  nations 
who  had  yielded  up  their  liberties  to  tyrants,  with  philosophical 
horror."  His  compulsory  abandonment  of  academic  hopes  was 
a  bitter  disappointment ;  and  this  it  was  which  induced  him  to 
follow  the  life  of  a  hunter  for  several  years.  During  this  time 
we  have  but  little  account  of  his  life.  We  only  know  that  the 
latter  part  of  the  years  was  passed  among  the  mountains  and 
forests  of  the  New  Hampshire  Grants,  where  he  first  came  into 
public  notice  in  the  year  1T69. 

Occasions  make  men.  Human  necessities  .create  the 
materials  for  their  own  supply.     Events  were  at  this  time  trans- 


20 

piling,   which  were  suited  to  bring  Ethan  Allen  into  the  fore- 
ground.    The  settlers  upon  the  Grants  had  bought  their  lands 
of  the   British   Crown,   acting  through   one   of   its  appointed 
agents,   who  was  in  possession,  with  the  limits  of  his  claim  de- 
clared to  and  acquiesced  in  by  all  the  world.     The  maps  of  the 
time,  published  under  the  eye  of  the  British  Court,  and  circulated 
through  all  the  Colonies,   indicated  the  middle  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain   as  the    western   boundary  of   New    Hampshire.     With 
implicit  confidence  in  the  authority  of  this  agent  to  give  them 
a  good  title,   these   settlers  had  paid  for  these   lands  in   hard- 
earned    money — had   entered   upon   them,   felled  the    forests, 
planted    their   crops    and    established    their    homes.     Another 
agent  of  the  same  Royal  Master  denied  the  right  of  the   first 
and  asserted  his  own.     The  settlers  looked  upon  this  conflict  of 
claim   as  a  mere  question  of  colonial  jurisdiction,  and  left  the 
agents  to  fight  it  out  between  themselves.     They  did  not  dream 
that  it  involved  the  title  to  their  property  and  the  rights  of  civil 
government.     They  were  not  much  disturbed,  even,  when  they 
learned  that  the   Royal    Council   decided   it  in  favor  of  New 
York,  deeming  it  of  small  consequence  whether  their  Governor 
ruled  his  little  court  at  Portsmouth  or  Albany. 

But  their  awakening  was  sudden  and  thorough,  when  they 
learned  that  the  Colonial  officials  of  Ncav  York  had  ignored  their 
rights  and  begun  to  partition  their  homesteads  among  their  own 
partners  and  parasites.  Imagine  the  indignation  which  thrilled 
their  souls,  when  informed  that  they  must  buy  these  homes  over 
again  from  the  speculators  of  another  colony  !  and  be  governed, 
not  by  officers  of  their  own  election,  but  by  the  appointees  of 
the  court  ring  in  a  distant  capital  !  Submission  Avas  never 
again  thought  of;  resistance  was  as  natural  as  the  breath  they 
drew.  But  they  were  few  in  number  and  widely  scattered, 
and  without  organization.  Their  great  want  was  a  leader, 
bold,  energetic,  fearless,  in  full  sympathy  with  them,  completely 
imbued  with  the  justice  of  their  cause.  Without  such  a  leader, 
they    must  surrender   at   discretion.      With   him  they   might 


21 

secure — at  all  events  the y  could  fight  for — their  homes  and  fire- 
sides. Where  should  they  find  him  ?  The  call  went  forth, 
and  Ethan  Allen  leaped  to  the  front,  as  suddenly  and  as 
completely  armed  as  Minerva  sprang  from  the  front  of  Jove  ! 

To  think  evil  of  others,  is  the  characteristic  of  narrow 
minds.  Allen's  estimate  of  men  was  generous  and  charitable. 
He  knew  that  the  list  of  grantees  under  the  Colonial  authority 
of  New  York  comprised  members  of  the  Assembly,  and  other 
high  officials  of  the  judicial  and  legislative  departments  of  the 
government.  But  he  took  it  for  granted  that  the  New  York 
courts  were  honest  and  impartial,  and  beyond  the  reach  of 
improper  influences.  His  first  impulse  was  to  meet  the  new 
army  of  claimants  before  the  courts  of  New  York,  the  tribunals 
of  their  own  selection,  not  only  with  right  and  justice  on  his 
side  but  with  law  and  lawyers.  It  did  not  occur  to  him  as  pos- 
sible, that  when  the  case  was  finally  presented  to  these  courts, 
the  rights  of  the  settlers  would  not  prevail.  He,  therefore, 
hurried  away  to  his  old  home,  and  retained  one  of  the  most 
able  counsellors  in  Connecticut :  went  with  him  before  the  New 
York  Judges,  and  pleaded  the  Royal  grant  purchased  and  paid 
for  with  the  money  of  the  grantees,  in  answer  to  the  suits  of  the 
Yorkers.  To  his  astonishment,  so  profound  that  for  the  moment  it 
took  away  his  power  of  remonstrance,  the  grant  was  rejected  as 
waste  paper,  and  judgment  was  pronounced  for  the  claimants. 
In  the  flush  of  his  victory  the  king's  attorney  approached  Allen 
and  offered  him  advice  without  a  fee.  "  You  had  better  so 
home,"  he  said,  "  and  advise  your  people  to  make  the  best 
terms  they  can  with  their  landlords,  for  might  often  prevails 
against  right."' 

Allen  answered  his  proverb  with  another  :  "  The  gods  of 
the  hills  are  not  the  gods  of  the  valleys."  The  reply  was  as 
incomprehensible  to  the  attorney  as  the  Sibylline  leaves.  He 
was  referred  to  Bennington  for  its  interpretation.  But  twenty 
years  elapsed  before  the  jokers  learned  that  it  was  as  true  as  it 
was  terse  and  appropriate. 


22 

To  this  decision  of  the  courts  of  New  York,  Vermont 
owes  her  political  existence.  It  was  a  fortunate  one  for  the  set- 
tlers, although  it  was  an  outrage  upon  justice,  opposed  to  the 
colonial  policy  of  the  British  Cabinet,  and  of  doubtful  propriety 
upon  the  narrow  technicalities  of  law.  ,  It  was  public  notice  to 
them,  that  they  had  nothing  to  hope  from  New  York,  save  what 
their  own  strong  arms  could  secure  and  defend.  New  Hamp- 
shire had  not  the  ability  to  undertake  their  cause  if  she  had 
the  will.  An  appeal  to  Great  Britain  was  expensive  and  dila- 
tory, and  would  not  stay  their  ejection.  They  decided  to  take 
it,  however,  and  pending  its  determination  they  also  decided  to 
defend  their  possessions.  On  one  side  was  the  loss  of  their 
homes  and  their  self-respect,  submission  to  injustice,  poverty  and 
beggary.  On  the  other  an  appeal  to  the  higher  law.  The  re- 
sponsibility was  grave,  but  they  took  it  without  hesitation.  The 
prosecution  of  the  appeal  was  confided  to  lawyers — the  defence 
of  possession  of  the  settlers  was  undertaken  by  Ethan  Allen. 
Allen  did  not  underestimate  the  magnitude  of  the  work  before 
him.  He  saw  that  it  would  demand  all  his  energies,  and  that  until 
the  contest  was  ended,  fur  him  there  would  be  no  rest.  He  made 
the  scattered  settlements  ring  with  the  note  of  preparation.  Or- 
ganization was  the  business  of  the  hour.  Every  neighborhood 
must  produce  a  military  company.  From  the  day  of  the  deci- 
sion he  gave  himself  to  the  public  service,  without  hope  or  prom- 
ise of  reward.  He  was  sleepless  and  untiring.  One  day  he 
was  in  Connecticut,  enlisting  the  material  aid  of  his  old  neigh- 
bors or  arranging  with  the  lawyers  to  prosecute  the  appeal  to 
the  privy  council ;  the  next  he  was  holding  a  meeting  in  a  dis- 
tant settlement,  and  telling  the  people  what  they  must  do.  Here 
he  is  hunting  a  New  York  surveyor,  there  resisting  the  sheriff 
and  his  posse.  One  hour  he  holds  a  court  for  the  trial  of  a  tory 
justice,  the  next  he  is  executing  sentence  with  the  twigs  of  the 
wilderness :  everywhere  he  is  arranging  signals  for  a  swift  con- 
centration of  his  men  upon  any  threatened  point.  Before  his 
purpose  is  fairly  known  to  the    enemy,  he    has    organized  the 


23 

Green  Mountain  Boys— he  is  their  leader  and  the   people  are 
saved. 

Hi*  activity  calls  down  upon  him  the  resentment  of  the  spec- 
ulators. He  is  the  head  and  front  of  the  resistance  to  their 
schemes.  If  words  could  kill  he  was  slain  a  score  of  times  ev- 
ery day.  They  look  upon  him  as  their  only  obstruction.  They 
denounce  him  as  a  rebel,  the  leader  of  the  mob.  a  felon,  an  out- 
law. Their  rage  renders  them  insane.  They  disgrace  their 
legislation  by  an  act  which  condemns  him  without  a  trial,  a  pro- 
clamation which  invites  his  assassination  and  offers  a  reward  for 
his  murder.  From  his  mountain  fastness  he,  hurls  back  defiance 
and  execration.  ':  You  arc  a  Jesuitical,  cowardly  junto  of 
schemers/'  he  exclaims,  "  not  used  to  danger,  hardships  or  war, 
and  dare  not  fight  for  your  own  claims.  Your  way  is  to  deceive, 
cheat  and  overreach  the  commonalty.  These  are  your  horns 
of  iron,  and  with  them  do  you  push  !"  Their  law  and  procla- 
mation enrages  him.  "  Your  new-fangled  law  corresponds  with 
the  depravedness  of  your  minds  and  morals.  It  is  an  emblem 
of  your  insatiable,  avaricious,  overbearing,  inhuman,  barbarous 
blood-guiltiness  of  disposition.  If  you  come  forth  in  arms 
against  us,  thousands  of  your  injured  neighbors  in  the  several 
provinces  will  join  with  us  to  cut  oif  and  extirpate  such  an  ex- 
ecrable race  from  the  face  of  the  earth." 

Such  language  is  not  to  be  commended  for  its  polish  or  re- 
finement.  But  when  we  consider  that  A  lien's  purpose  was  to 
arouse  the  whole  people  to  defend  themselves,  and  not  to  com- 
pete for  a  prize  in  literary  composition,  it  cannot  be  said  that 
these  rough  words  were  not  suited  to  the  attainment  of  his  ob- 
ject. 

Added  to  the  privations  of  frontier  life  and  the  defence 
with  strong  hand  of  their  possessions  against  a  grasping,  covet- 
ous enemy,  with  the  apparent  prestige  of  law  against  them, 
there  now  came  to  the  people  of  the  Grants  the  imperious  ne- 
cessity of  a  civil  government.     The  idea  of  a  separate  colony 


24 

had  not  yet  been  conceived,  or  if  it  occurred,  was  dismissed  as 
impracticable  against  the  opposition  of  New  York,  represented 
by  powerful  agents  constantly  at  the  British  court.  They  were 
outside  of  all  acknowledged  civil  jurisdictions  ;  but  here,  as 
elsewhere,  there  were  human  passions  to  be  restrained,  civil 
rights  to  be  enforced,  life  and  property  to  be  protected,  crimes 
to  be  punished. 

In  all  the  eventful  history  of  Vermont,  there  is  nothing 
more  admirable  than  the  conduct  of  her  people  in  this  crisis. 
We  scarcely  know  which  is  the  more  worthy  of  commendation 
— the  dignity  and  prudence  with  which  the  leaders  established 
their  temporary  government,  or  the  united  alacrity  with  which 
the  people  accepted  and  obeyed  it.  It  is  an  illustration  of  the 
capacity  of  the  people  worth  volumes  of  speculation.  In  that 
little  "  square  room' \  of  the  Bennington  tavern,  with  no  experi- 
ence in  legislation,  a  few  plain  farmers  held  councils  which 
would  have  been  no  discredit  to  Whitehall.  Berlin  or  Fontaine- 
bleau.  There  they  organized  a  state,  and  for  years  gave  it  all 
the  legislation  it  required.  Their  wisdom  perpetuated  what  the 
courage  of  Allen  and  his  men  could  only  protect  and  defend. 

The  hour  of  trial  and  great  temptation  for  these  grantees  was 
coming.  The  shadow  of  tyranny  which  long  had  hung  over  the 
American  colonies,  grew  darker  and  heavier,  until  it  threatened 
to  shut  out  every  ray  of  the  sun  of  freedom.  Every  act  of  sub- 
mission became  the  pretext  for  some  new  oppression,  until,  over- 
whelming all  their  hopes  and  desires,  the  conviction  came  upon  the 
people  that  they  had  no  rights  which  their  oppressors  felt  bound  to 
respect.  Rebellion  is  a  hard  and  cruel  word.  Good  men  dis- 
like to  bear  its  odium.  It  has  stricken  many  a  patriot  as  pure, 
and  cause  as  righteous,  as  ever  sword  was  drawn  to  defend. 
England  was  the  mother  country,  their  home,  the  land  of  their 
fathers,  the  realm  of  their  pride.  Lofty  courage,  strong  self- 
denial,  and  convictions  as  pure  and  clear  as  the  diamond,  must 
have  combined  to  force  them  to  tear  the  idol  from  their  hearts, 
and  stake  everything  upon  a  contest,  in  which,  humanly  speak- 


25 

ing,  the  chances  were  against  them.  So  much  was  true  of  all 
the  colonies.  The  situation  was  graver  here.  Lake  Champlain 
was  the  natural  highway  of  invasion.  British  power  held  Can- 
ada in  its  grasp.  British  forts  fringed  the  lake,  which  was  com- 
manded by  British  vessels  of  war.  If  war  came,  the  settlers, 
scattered  for  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  along  this  frontier,  must 
bare  their  bosoms  to  its  advancing  stroke.  Their  quarrel  with 
New  York,  which  engrossed  their  thoughts  as  such  controver- 
sies only  can,  was  approaching  a  decision,  which  every  indica- 
tion promised  and  every  settler  believed  must  be  in  their  favor. 
Well  might  Allen  say.  "  their  situation  was  truly  perplexed  and 
critical.*'  All  their  comforts,  all  their  temporal  interests,  were 
on  one  side.  On  the  other,  the  fact  "  that  resistance  to  Great 
Britain  had  become  the  duty  of  a  free  people  !" 

The  news  of  Lexington  commenced  its  lightning  journey. 
As  the  march  of  the  morning  sun  rolls  back  the  wave  of  sleep, 
with  all  the  dreams  and  fantasies  of  the  night,  from  an  awaken- 
ed world,  so  when  the  electric  current  swept  over  the  people 
here,  every  one  of  them  awoke,  a  soldier  armed  in  the  ranks  of 
liberty.  Back  into  the  night  of  the  past  they  swept  every  con- 
sideration of  property,  person  or  life,  and  with  them  deep  under 
the  advancing  wave  of  freedom  was  buried  their  controversy 
with  New  York.  At  the  call  "  To  arms.'"  they  sprang  to  their 
places.  Allen  placed  himself  at  their  head,  and  to  the  news  of 
Lexington  the  Green  Mountains  rolled  back  the  echo  of  the 
capture  of  Ticonderoga. 

With  this,  one  of  the  great  acts  of  Allen's  life,. you  are 
all  familiar.  I,  at  least,  cannot  make  you  better  acquainted  with 
it.  It  is  written  in  your  history  and  will  not  be  forgotten  while 
the  record  is  preserved.  I  pass  it  therefore  with  an  allusion  to 
only  one  of  its  relations,  essential  to  a  right  understanding  of 
Allen's  character,  and  which,  acted  upon  at  the  time,  might 
have  saved  some  of  the  best  blood  of  the  Revolution. 

The  necessity  for  an  armed  resistance  had  been  precipita- 


26 

ted  upon  the  colonies.  Outside  of  New  England  independence 
bad  not  been  seriously  considered.  The  idea  of  resistance  was 
restricted  to  oppressive  legislation,  and  was  expected  to  termin- 
ate when  that  was  repealed.  Had  any  aggressive  movement 
depended  upon  the  Continental  Congress  for  its  initiative,  it 
would  not  have  taken  place.  As  on  many  occasions  since,  the 
people  were  in  advance  of  their  representatives. 

It  is  therefore  proof  of  his  intelligence  and  forecast,  that 
in  those  early  hours  of  the  struggle  Allen  clearly  comprehend- 
ed the  situation — more  clearly  than  most  of  the  other  leaders  ; 
and  it  is  almost  humiliating  to  read  the  record,  and  see  with 
what  timidity  the  Congress  heard  the  news  of  Ticonderoga,  the 
first  capture  made  in  its  name.  Apology  was  its  favorite  theme. 
With  closed  doors  and  in  secret,  it  deliberated  from  the  tenth 
to  the  eighteenth  of  May,  and  had  performed  no  public  act  of 
importance  except  to  lay  before  the  people  the  report  of  the 
affair  at  Lexington.  The  capture  of  Ticonderoga  aroused  it  to 
some  action.  The  resolution  made  necessary  by  the  capture  is 
a  curious  expression  of  the  duty  its  members  felt,  of  sustaining 
the  movement,  and  their  wish  to  avoid  giving  oTence  to  Great 
Britain.  They  approved  the  capture,  on  the  ground  that  the 
stores  and  cannon  would  have  been  used  in  an  invasion  of  the 
colonics,  but  proposed  "  to  remove  and  preserve  them,  in  order 
that  they  may  be  safely  returned,  when  the  restoration  of  the 
former  harmony  between  Great  Britain  and  the  colonics,  so  ar- 
dently wished  for  by  the  latter ;  should  render  it  prudent." 

Even  the  capture  of  these  forts  did  not  divert  the  Con- 
gress from  its  conciliatory  policy.  Their  subsequent  resolves 
breathe  the  most  ardent  wishes  for  the  restoration  of  amicable 
relations,  and  their  purpose  to  negotiate  to  that  end.  But  they 
exhibit  a  firmer  spirit,  and  a  purpose  to  fight  if  these  efforts 
were  unsuccessful. 

If  time  permitted  it  would  be  interesting  to  read  their  ad- 
dress to  Canada  of  the  29th  of  May.  While  it  urges  the  peo- 
ple of  that  province  to  unite  with  them  in  their  purpose   to  live 


27 

free,  or  not  at  all,  it  is  an  undisguised  apology  for  taking  pos- 
session of  the  forts  on  Lake  Cbamplain.  "  It  was  dictated," 
says  the  Congress,  "  by  the  great  law  of  self-preservation. 
These  forts  were  intended  to  annoy  us,  and  cut  off'  that  friendly 
intercourse  which  has  hitherto  subsisted  between  us.  We  hope 
it  has  given  you.  no  uneasiness,  and  you  may  rely  on  our  assur- 
ances, that  these  colonies  will  pursue  no  measures  but  such  as 
friendship  and  a  regard  for  our  mutual  safety  may  suggest." 
Three  days  later,  moved  by  the  aggressive  energy  exhibited  in 
this  northern  quarter,  they  resolved  "  that  no  expedition  ought 
to  be  undertaken  against  Canada,  by  any  colony  or  body  of  col- 
onists," and  transmitted  their  resolution  to  the  commander  of 
the  forces  at  Ticonderoga,  to  New  York  and  the  other  colonies 
bordering  on  Canada. 

CD 

But  while  this  conciliatory,  ready-to-halt  policy  controlled 
the  Continental  Congress,  Allen  stood  here  on  the  border,  pro- 
claiming that  the  day  of  negotiation  had  passed,  and  the  time 
had  come  for  aggressive  movements.  His  policy  was  neither 
conciliatory  nor  concealed.  He  expressed  it  in  three  words 
"Take  Canada  noiv  /"  He  saw  then,  as  clearly  as  the  whole 
country  saw  ninety  days  later,  that  Canada  was  the  place  where 
the  death-blow  could  be  planted  on  the  front  of  British  power 
in  America,  and  that  the  seizure  of  that  province  was  the  short- 
est road  to  American  independence.  He  was  of  Sir  Boyle 
Roche's  opinion  that  "  the  safest  way  to  avoid  danger  was  to 
meet  it  face  to  face."  Congress  must  have  known  of  the  disaf- 
fection of  the  Canadians,  and  how  easily  they  could  have  been 
induced  to  join  the  other  colonies.  They  knew  by  a  bloody  ex- 
perience, many  times  repeated,  that  the  royal  road  of  invasion 
lay  through  Lake  Champlain.  That  the  patriotic  members  of 
that  body  held  Allen  back,  prove  the  strength  of  the  tie  that 
bound  them  to  England.  But  they  could  not  silence  Allen's 
appeals.  "  Lake  Champlain,"  he  declared,  "is  the  key  of  Can- 
ada or  of  our  own  country."  "The  key  is  ours  as  yet,  and  if 
the  colonies  would  push  an  army  of  two  or  three  thousand  men 


28 

into  Canada,  they  might  make  a  conquest  of  atl  that  would  op- 
pose them."      "  I  would  lay  my  life  on  it,  that  with  fifteen  hun- 
dred men  I  could  take  Montreal."     "  The  object  should  be 
pursued,  though   it  should  take  ten  thousand  men."     "  Our 
friends  in  Canada  can  never  help  us,  until  we  first  help  them." 
Mark  the  prominence   and  the  wisdom,  too,  of  Ethan  Al- 
len, upon  the  threshold  of  the  Revolution.     He  is  the  first  man 
in  all  the  colonies  to  suggest  the  invasion  of  Canada.    He  stands 
here  alone,  urging  it  with  all   the   energy  of  his  ringing  voice 
and  emphatic  pen.     Every  man  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact 
confesses  the  wisdom  of  his  advice,  and  joins   him  as  an  advo- 
cate.    On  the  other  side,  the  New  York  and   Continental  Con- 
gresses, with  all  their  statesmanship,  declare  that  Canada  must 
not  be  invaded.     When  Canada  was  unprepared,  and  the  people 
were  in  sympathy  with   the  popular  movement,  they  declared 
that  Allen's   proposal  was  rash,   inconsistent  and   premature. 
Within  three  months  afterwards,  when  she  had  been  reinforced, 
when  her  militia  had  been  organized,  and  all  her  powers  of  re- 
sistance consolidated,  they  consented.     By  that  time  the  whole 
country  conceded  the   wisdom  of  Allen's  views.     They  were 
adopted  and   Canada  was  invaded.     The  result  is  a  matter  of 
history.     I   cannot  improve  upon  the  words  of  one  of  Allen's 
biographers  :  "  If  his  advice  had  been  heeded  when  it  was  giv- 
en, there  can  be  no  reasonable  doubt  it  would  have  been  suc- 
cessful.    Its  failure  may  be  ascribed  more  to  the  wavering  sen- 
timents and  tardy  motions  of  Congress,  than  to  any  defect  in 
the  plan  or  in  the  manner  of  its  execution."     How  many  years 
of  war  its  rejection  cost  the  American  colonies  we  may  never 
know. 

As  the  summer  wore  on,  the  opportunity  for  active  move- 
ments in  the  north  went  by.  Benedict  Arnold  had  enlivened 
the  small  force  here,  by  his  perpetual  quarrel  about  rank,  which 
he  carried  with  him  everywhere  ;  but  he  was  finally  suppressed 
after  some  exercise  of  his  latent  talent  for  treason,  and  had 
quitted  the  army  in  disgust.     The   Connecticut   Regiment  had 


29 

garrisoned  Ticonderoga,  and  the  temper  of  Congress  indicated 
that  unless  a  new  spirit  was  infused  into  its  members,  it  would 
sanction  no  advance  to  the  northward.  Allen  could  never  re- 
main inactive.  He  had  no  sooner  turned  over  his  command  to 
Colonel  Hinman,  and  got  him  peaceably  in  possession,  than  he 
determined  to  impress  his  views  upon  Congress  by  a  personal 
appeal.  He  had  written  them  letters  which  had  never  been 
answered.  But  he  was  not  to  be  satisfied  by  silence,  and  with- 
in a  few  days  himself  and  Warner  Avere  at  the  doors  of  Con- 
gress. His  errand  was  brief  and  plain.  It  was  to  procure  the 
recognition  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys  as  a  part  of  the  Con- 
tinental Army,  and  authority  to  form  a  regiment,  and  then — 
delenda  est  Carthago  !  Canada  must  be  invaded.  His  posi- 
tion must  be  kept  in  mind.  He  had  been  the  open  and  fierce 
enemy  of  New  York,  and  by  that  colony,  the  most  powerful  in 
Congress,  he  was  regarded  as  a  rebel.  In  fact,  at  that  time  he 
was  under  several  indictments.  But  his  soul  was  bent  on  inde- 
pendence, and  he  did  not  stop  for  one  moment  to  reflect,  that 
the  business  upon  which  he  was  going  to  Congress  could  not  be 
accomplished  until  he  had  overcome  her  most  active  opposition. 
With  his  usual  directness  he  went  straight  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  his  purpose.  How  well  he  succeeded  at  Philadelphia, 
we  only  know  from  a  record  of  a  dozen  lines.  On  the  23d  of 
June,  the  journal  shows  that  the  first  business  of  the  session  was 
the  reading  of  a  letter  from  Crown  Point,  after  which  it  was 
stated  that  two  officers  who  brought  the  letter  were  at  the  door 
and  had  something  of  importance  to  communicate.  The  Con- 
gress ordered  them  to  be  admitted,  and  Allen  and  Warner  en- 
tered the  hall.  His  speech  is  unreported.  We  are  left  to 
imagine  the  powerful  utterances  with  which  he  described  the 
patriotism  of  his  men,  their  prompt  answer  to  his  call  to  the 
field,  the  march  and  capture  of  Ticonderoga,  their  readyiess  to 
give  their  lives  to  the  cause,  and  the  policy  of  forming  them  in- 
to a  regiment.  We  may  be  sure  that  following  his  ruling  idea 
he  closed  with  "Canada  must  be  taken  !"  They  retired.  With- 
out any  delay,  and,  so  far  as  we  know,  with  entire  unanimity, 


30 

the  Congress  marked  their  approval  of  his  conduct  by  voting  to 
his  men  and  their  officers  like  pay  with  the  rest  of  the  army, 
and  by  recommending  New  York  u  to  employ  in  the  army  to 
be  raised  for  the  defence  of  America,  those  called  Green  Moun- 
tain Boys,  under  such  officers  as  the  said  Green  Mountain  Boys 
shall  choose."'  "  You  are  desired,"  wrote  President  Hancock 
to  the  New  York  Convention,  "  to  consult  with  General  Schuy- 
ler, in  whom,  the  Congress  is  informed,  these  people  place  great 
confidence,  about  the  field  officers  to  be  set  over  them." 

The  Congress  sent  Allen  with  a  recommendation  to  the 
New  York  Convention  !  What  could  Ethan  Allen  accomplish 
in  the  New  York  Convention  ?  That  body  wanted  him — a  lit- 
tle better  than  a  twelvemonth  before,  it  had  offered  anybody  a 
hundred  pounds  who  would  secure  him  in  His  Majesty's  jail  in 
Albany.  He  had  flogged  their  justices,  hunted  their  surveyors, 
trapped  their  constables,  scouted  their  proclamations,  and  defied 
their  laws.  In  their  eyes  he  was  a  rebel ;  the  very  chief  and 
leader  of  that  sum  of  all  iniquity,  the  Bennington  Mob  !  The 
chances  were  that  instead  of  giving  him  a  regiment  they  would 
take  his  scalp  ! 

Little  recked  Allen  of  all  this  :  doubtful  if  he  thought  of 
it,  so  completely  and  exclusively  had  the  great  movement  for 
human  freedom  possessed  his  soul.  We  next  hear  of  him  at  the 
doors  of  the  New  York  Convention  demanding  admission.  His 
demand  arouses  a  storm  of  opposition.  A  member  moves  that 
lie  be  permitted  to  have  an  audience.  The  debate  is  fierce  and 
hot.  "Admit  this  mountain  savage  to  the  Provincial  Congress 
of  New  York  ! — the  man  who  had  flooded  every  member  of  it 
with  abuse,  and  contemned  even  the  Royal  authority  :  avIio  had 
organized  a  rebellion  which  had  in  it  the  bitter  stingW  success ! 
Listen  to  the  tongue  which  had  hurled  at  them  every  hard  name 
in  the  Vocabulary  and  not  a  few  invented  for  the  occasion  !  Bet- 
ter send  him  to  the  felon's  dock  or  the  gallows,  than  allow  him 
to  come  here  and  insult  by  his  presence  the  collective  wisdom  of 
the  colony  !" 


31 

But  opposition  was  unavailing.  In  the  great  army  of  free- 
dom all  true  men  were  kin.  Whatever  he  might  have  been  be- 
fore, lie  was  a  soldier  now,  fighting  with  all  the  brave,  through- 
out the  colonies,  the  battle  of  the  free.  He  was  there  to  advance 
the  common  cause,  and  he  must  come  in  !  lie  was  admitted. 
Once  inside  the  door,  face  to  face  with  the  convention,  and  his 
work  was  done. 

What  would  we  not  give  for  the  report  of  his  speech  upon 
that  occasion  ?  lie  had  written  to  the  same  convention  words 
like  these  :  "I  desire  your  honors  to  lay  before  the  Grand 
Continental  Congress  the  great  disadvantage  it  must  be  even-' 
tually  to  the  colonies  to  evacuate  Lake  Cham  plain,  and  give  up 
to  the  enemies  of  our  country  these  invaluable  acquisitions,  the 
key  of  cither  Canada  or  of  our  country,  according  as  which 
party  holds  the  same  in  possession  and  makes  a  proper  improve- 
ment of  it.  The  key  is  ours  as  yet,  and  provided  the  colonies 
would  suddenly  push  an  army  of  «two  or  three  thousand  men 
into  Canada  they  might  make  a  conquest  of  all  that  would  oppose 
them  in  the  extensive  province  of  Quebec.  *  *  *  I  wish 
to  God  America  would,  at  this  critical  juncture,  exert  herself 
agreeable  to  the  indignity  offered  her  by  a  tyrannical  ministry. 
She  might  rise  on  eagle's  wings,  and  mount  up  to  glory,  freedom 
and  immortal  honor,  if  she  did  but  know  and  exert  her  strength. 
Fame  is  now  hovering  over  her  head.  A  vast  continent  must 
now  sink  to  slavery,  poverty,  horror  and  bondage,  or  rise  to  un- 
conquerable freedom,  great  wealth,  irrepressible  felicity  and  im- 
mortal fame.  I  will  lay  my  life  on  it  that  with  fifteen  hundred 
men  I  could  take  Montreal."'  Was  it  a  rude  mountain  savage, 
or  one  of  nature's  born  orators  and  noblemen  who  could  utter 
such  words  in  June,  1775  ?  Which  excites  your  wonder  more, 
the  power  of  the  man  who  uttered  them  or  the  stolidity  of  the 
convention  that  could  hear  them  unmoved  ?  But  his  speech 
must  have  risen  to  the  level  of  Demosthenean  eloquence,  for 
it  moved  even  the  New  York  Convention. 

I  look  upon  the  action  of  the  New  York  Convention  as  the 


32 

highest  proof  of  the  intensity  of  the  patriotism  of  those  eventful 
times.  But  I  must  not  dwell  upon  it.  Again  Allen  was  heard, 
and  again  he  withdrew.  Without  adjournment  or  delay,  the 
convention  ordered  that  "  a  body  of  troops  be  raised  of  those 
called  Green  Mountain  Boys,  that  they  elect  their  own  officers, 
except  field  officers.  *  *  *  and  that  General  Schuyler  be 
further  requested  to  procure  the  sense  of  those  people  concern- 
ing the  persons  who  will  be  most  agreeable  to  them  for  field 
officers.''  It  was  an  earnest,  full  compliance  with  Allen's  re- 
quest ;  a  fine  tribute  to  his  personal  influence,  and  a  splendid 
illustration  of  the  patriotism  which  in  those  times  must  have 
held  sovereign  rule. 

In  a  career  so  crowded  with  events,  I  can  refer  to  only  a 
few.  Allen  returned  to  Vermont  from  the  convention,  and  if 
true  greatness  was  ever  proved  by  human  actions,  he  then  proved 
himself  a  great  man.  He  had  originated  the  Green  Mountain 
Boys  ;  in  a  military  sense,  he  had  raised  them.  It  was  he  avIio 
first  called  them  to  the  defence  of  their  homes,  who  gave  and 
taught  them  the  use  of  arms.  From  raw  countrymen  he  had 
converted  them  into  disciplined  soldiers.  For  years  his  power- 
ful will  had  been  their  bond  of  union  ;  under  him  they  had  won 
the  glory  of  Ticonderoga.  And  now  he  had  done  what  no  oth- 
er man  or  men  upon  the  Grants  would  have  done  or  undertaken 
to  do.  He  had  induced  the  New  York  and  the  Continental 
Congresses  to  form  them  into  a  regiment,  under  officers  of  their 
own  election.  He  expected  to  be  their  colonel ;  that  office  his 
heart  coveted  as  it  never  coveted  aught  before.  And  yet  by  one 
of  those  strange  fatuities,  as  inexplicable  then  as  a  miracle, 
equally  so  now,  in  the  hour  of  election  they  forgot  him.  It 
passed — Seth  Warner  was  in  command  of  the  Green  Mountain 
Boys,  and  Ethan  Allen  was  a  private  citizen. 

It  seems  strange  that  he  did  not  protest  with  all  the 
strength  of  his  mind  against  such  a  wrong,  or  hang  his  head  in 
shame,  and  retire  to  hide  his  mortification  in  some  secret  place. 
Other  brave  men  in  those  days  made  the   country  vocal  with 


33 

their  complaints,  when  their  just  claims  were  ignored.  Look 
at  Arnold  !  the  incarnation  of  growling  discontent  every  time 
he  was  made  second  to  anybody,  and  a  traitor  at  last,  because 
he  thought  himself  neglected.  And  then  behold  Ethan  Allen  ! 
Mortified,  no  doubt  he  was  lie  would  not  have  been  human, 
otherwise.  But  he  wasted  no  time  in  complaints.  "  Notwith- 
standing my  zeal  and  success  in  my  country's  cause."  he  writes. 
"  the  old  farmers  who  do  not  incline  to  go  to  war.  in  their  nom- 
inations for  officers  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys  have  wholly 
omitted  me.  I  find  myself  in  favor  with  the  officers  of  the  army 
and  the  young  men.  How  the  old  men  came  to  reject  me  I 
cannot  conceive."  This  by  way  of  criticism,  and  this  is  all. 
But  mark  the  conclusion  !  "  I  hope  the  Continental  Congress 
will  remember  me,  for  I  desire  to  remain  in  the  service." 

Yes.  he  desired  to  remain  in  the  service.  Neglect  could 
not  drive  him  out  of  it.  Schuyler  seems  always  to  have  been 
in  favor  with  the  people  of  the  Grants.  In  spite  of  all  that 
criticism  or  enmity  could  do.  ho  stands  out  one  of  the  most 
prominent  figures  in  the  historical  picture,  one  of  the  most  noble 
and  admirable  characters  in  a  time  when  such  men  were  most 
needed.  To  Schuyler  Allen  went,  and  was  received  with  a 
hearty  welcome.  Schuyler  employed  him  as  a  volunteer,  with 
the  understanding  that  he  should  be  considered  as  much  an  offi- 
cer as  if  he  had  a  commission,  and  should,  when  occasion  per- 
mitted, be  placed  in  command. 

The  hour  of  misfortune  for  Allen  was  now  drawing  near. 
By  September  the  whole  country  had  become  convinced  that 
Canada  should  be  invaded  and  Allen's  advice  had  been  adopted 
by  Congress.  But  in  those  three  months  of  delay  the  favorable 
moment  had  passed.  Allen  knew  it.  but  he  was  still  hopeful,  and 
believed  he  could  accomplish  much  with  the  Canadians  by  his 
personal  influence  ;  and  when  Schuyler  was  collecting  his  forces 
for  the  expedition.  Allen  accepted  his  invitation  to  proceed  in 
advance  to  Canada,  as  an  itinerant  political  missionary  to  the 


34 

inhabitants.     Montgomery  then  assumed   the  command  of  the 
armj  and  proceeded  to  lay  siege  to  St.  Johns. 

Delayed  by  the  resistance  of  St.  Johns,  the  commander-in- 
chief  despatched  Allen  upon  a  second  and  similar  errand.  For 
a  time  all  went  well.  He  went  from  village  to  village,  as  he 
expressed  it,  "preaching  politics,':  and  enlisting  recruits.  At 
o.ie  time  he  wrote  in  high  spirits,  that  he  had  two  hundred  and 
fifty  men  under  arms,  and  that  they  were  gathering  as  fast  as 
he  marched.  "  You  may  rest  assured."  he  wrote  to  his  Gen- 
eral. "  that  within  three  days  I  shall  join  you  with  five  hundred 
<>r  more  Canadian  volunteers." 

Having  made  the  tour  of  many  villages,  and  assured  the 
people  that  the  army  came  not  to  make  war  upon  them  or  their 
religion,  hut  upon  the  power  of  Great  Britain,  in  company  with 
about  eighty  Canadians  he  finally  reached  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  Montreal.  At  the  village  of  Laprairie  tie 
met  Major  Brown  with  a  force  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  men. 
Biown  proposed  to  attack  and  capture  Montreal,  by  surprise, 
and  Allen  eagerly  accepted  the  proposition.  It  was  agreed  that 
Allen  should  cross  at  Longeuil  below,  and  Brown  at  Laprairie 
above  the  city,  and  on  the  exchange  of  three  cheers,  which  were,' 
to  be  fust  given  by  Brown's  party,  the  attack  should  be  made. 
The  latter  agreed  to  cross  early  the  next  morning,  and  both 
well  knew  that  success  could  only  be  expected  by  co-operation 
Brown  failed  to  keep  his  promise  on  the  excuse  of  bad  weather. 
.Mien*,  whom  the  elements  had  no  power  to  delay,  crossed  over 
and  when  the  morning  broke,  found  himself  alone  with  less  than 
a  hundred  raw  Canadians,  on  an  island  in  front  of  a  large  city. 
Disdaining  to  retreat,  and  still  hoping  for  Brown's  advance,  he 
held  his  ground  until  an  escaped  prisoner  betrayed  to  the  enemy 
the  weakness  of  the  party.  The  British  rallied  a  mixed  crowd  of 
five  hundred  regulars  and  volunteers  and  attacked  him.  He 
was  surrounded,  fought  bravely  as  long  as  there  was  any  hope, 
but  at  length  was  compelled  to  surrender  upon  the  promise  of 
honorable  treatment  as  a  prisoner  of  war. 


I  lis  first  experience  as  a  prisoner  had  its  comic  as  well  as 
its  tragic  features.  The  moment  lie  gave  up  his  sword,  he  was 
set  upon  by  a  savage,  in  whose  face,  lie  declared,  appeared  all 
the  malice,  wrath,  death  and  murder  of  devils.  His  only 
means  of  defence  was  to  seize  an  officer  and  interpose  him  as  a 
breastwork  between  himself  and  his  assailant — a  difficult  matter 
when  the  Indian  was  on  every  side  at  once,  seeking  an  opportu- 
nity to  shoot  him  without  killing  the  Briton.  He  succeeded  in 
whirling  him  between  himself  and  the  redskin  until  he  was  at- 
tacked by  another  of  those  "  imps  of  hell."  He  then  had  to 
increase  his  agility,  and  he  declares  that  he  made  the  officer  fly 
around  him  with  incredible  velocity.  At  length  a  gallant  Irish- 
man came  to  his  aid  and  drove  off  his  assailants.  Allen 
quaintly  remarks  of  this  ludicrous  exhibition  that  "  it  served  to 
compose  his  mind." 

The  conduct  of  Prescott,  who  commanded  the  British  on 
this  occasion,  was  brutal  in  the  extreme.  He  ordered  a  number 
of  the  Canadians  to  be  shot  on  the  spot,  and  actually  drew  up 
the  firing  party,  when  Allen  stepped  between  them  and  their 
victims,  bared  his  bosom,  and  told  Prescott  to  take  his  revenge 
on  him,  for  he  was  the  sole  cause  of  their  taking  up  arms. 
Prescott  suspended  the  execution  and  the  Canadians  were  saved. 
But  he  declared  that  Allen  should  grace  a  halter  at  Tyburn. 
and  then  in  violation  of  his  promise  sent  him  in  irons  on  board 
a  vessel  of  war. 

There  he  was  loaded  with  forty  pounds  weight  of  manacles, 
and  sent  to  Quebec.  The  impression  he  made  upon  his  ene- 
mies is  shown  by  the  fact,  that,  prisoner  as  he  was,  he  was  cho- 
sen by  an  officer  as  his  second  in  a  duel,  and  gave  his  parol  to 
return  when  the  fight  was  over.  He  was  soon  after  sent  to 
England,  confined  for  some  months  in  Pendennis  Castle — then 
placed  on  shipboard  and  carried  to  the  Carolinas,  thence  to  Hal- 
ifax, and,  late  in  the  year  following  his  capture,  he  was  landed  in 
the  city  of  New  York. 


36 

His  treatment  during  this  long  period  was  execrable.     It 
was  a  disgrace  to  the  British  name  and  nation.     Tyranny  is  the 
unerring  proof  of  a  mean  and  narrow  spirit.     Most  of  the   offi- 
cers under  whom  Allen  was  placed  seemed  to  experience  a  bru- 
tal delight  in  inventing  cruelties  and   privations  to  break  him 
down.     They  failed  of  their   purpose.     His  iron  wTill  and  in- 
domitable firmness  never  yielded  for  a  moment.     He  seemed  to 
regard  himself  as  the   representative  of  the  American  people, 
and  he  would  not  give  his  enemies  the  triumph  of  seeing  them 
and  their  cause  degraded   in  his   person.     In  maintaining  his 
own  dignity  he  upheld  theirs.     Prescott  threatened  to  cane  him, 
and  the  unarmed  prisoner  shook  his  manacled  fist  in  the  face  of 
the  British  general.     Loaded  with  fetters  and  contumely,  cov- 
ered with  rags  and  soiled  with   filth  from  which   he  could  not 
free  himself,  he  bore   himself  as  proudly  as  a  monarch  on  his 
throne,  so  that  the  better  disposed  of  his  keepers  sent  him  food 
and  drink  from  their  own  tables.     Incensed   by  a  swaggering 
doctor,  he  tore  off  his  irons  with  his  teeth,  and  poured  upon  him 
such  a  flood  of  indignant  reproach,  that  he   slunk  out  of  his 
presence.     Again  insulted  by  an  officer  who  came   to  gape  at 
him  in  the  hole  where  he  had  been  thrust  with  forty  companions, 
he  sprang  at  him  like  a  panther  and  tore  him  down.     The  men 
wTho  drove  him  with  their  bayonets  to  his  prison-pen,  would  come 
privately  and  bring  him  little  comforts.  In  England  they  sought 
to  frighten  him  by  threats  of  the   gallows  :  he  answered  by  a 
letter  to  the  American  Commander  advising  prudent  retaliation. 
They  could   not   hide   him  away  from   the  sympathy  of  kind 
hearts.     The  people  who  came  to  gaze  at  him  as  a  show  would 
slip  guineas  intojiis  pockets.     He  won  the  respect  of  all  true- 
hearted   Englishmen.     When  he  came  to  the  Cove  of  Cork  the 
enthusiastic   Irish  sent  him  clothing,  filled  his  purse  with  gold, 
and  had  they  not  been  prevented,  would   have  loaded  the  ship 
with  stores  and  supplies.     "  I  am  a  gentleman,  and   have  the 
right  to  walk  the  deck,"  was  his   proud   answer  to  the   Captain 
who   ordered  him  with   oaths   to  go  below  :    and  after  that  he 


37 

walked  the  deck  with  impunity.  His  imprisonment  was  a  tri- 
umph which  disgraced  none  but  those  who  sought  to  disgrace 
him. 

There  was  only  one  occasion  when  his  fortitude  gave  way. 
He  tells  the  story  with  the  bashfulness  of  a  girl.  Long  im- 
prisonment, deprivation  rags,  disease  and  vermin,  applied  long 
enough,  will  break  down  the  strongest  man.  He  had  borne  all 
these,  and  at  Halifax  they  were  supplemented  by  the  scurvy, 
which  would  have  ended  his  life  had  he  not  been  relieved  by 
the  charity  of  a  lady  who  furnished  him  with  food  and  vegeta- 
bles. The  wasted  shadow  which  went  on  shipboard  there,  to 
be  sent  to  New  York,  was  a  poor  representative  of  the  hardy 
mountaineer:  but  his  spirit  was  just  as  defiant  as  at  the  moment 
of  his  capture.  He  was  summoned  before  the  Captain.  Ex- 
pecting some  new  exhibition  of  the  tyranny  of  the  quarter  deck, 
he  summoned  his  little  remaining  strength  to  maintain  his  na- 
tural  character,  and  to  defy  this  new  display  of  the  malice  of 
his  enemies.  To  his  profound  astonishment,  Captain  Smith  met 
him  with  a  hearty  shake  of  the  hand,  welcomed  him  to  his  ship, 
invited  him  to  his  table,  and  mentioned  as  if  a  matter  of  course 
that  he  had  ordered  every  man  under  him  to  treat  Colonel  Al- 
len with  the  respect  and  consideration  due  to  an  officer  of  his 
rank.  Such  unexpected  humanity  did  what  no  amount  of  ill- 
treatment  could  have  done.  It  overcame  him,  and  for  a  time 
deprived  him  of  the  power  of  speaking.  He  turned  away  to 
hide  his  emotion,  and  then  with  a  broken  voice  expressed  his 
gratitude  for  kindness,  all  the  more  generous  since  he  would 
never  be  able  to  repay  it.  "I  look  for  no  reward,"  was  the 
bluft  response  of  the  noble  sailor;  "  I  only  treat  you  as  one 
gentleman  should  treat  another.  This  is  a  mutable  world,  and 
one  never  knows  how  soon  it  may  be  in  his  power  to  do  another 
a  favor." 

The  reward  came  to  Captain  Smith  very  speedily.  They 
were  sailing  along  the   coast   not  many  days  afterwards,  when 


.       38 

the  prisoners  formed  a  plot  to  kill  the  Captain,  master  the 
crew,  and  seize  the  ship  with  the  thirty-five  thousand  pounds  in 
treasure  then  on  board.  Several  of  the  crew  had  already  been 
corrupted,  and  Allen's  consent,  upon  which  they  had  counted, 
was  only  necessary  to  the  success  of  the  conspiracy.  The  leader 
detailed  his  plans,  never  doubting  Allen's  prompt  concurrence. 
"  This  plot  must  end  here  and  now  !"  was  his  answer,  "  and  I 
must  have  your  promise  to  end  it.  or  I  will  disclose  it  to  the 
Captain  and  defend  him  with  my  life.  He  has  treated  us  like 
gentlemen,  and  he  shall  not  be  murdered  !"  The  plot  was 
abandoned  and  never  revived.  Perhaps  the  most  creditable 
part  of  the  incident,  so  far  as  Allen  is  concerned,  is  the  fact 
that  he  kept  the  secret,  and  Captain  Smith  never  knew  from 
him  how  well  he  had  repaid  his  kindness. 

He  reached  New  York  in  October.  Here  he  fared  miser- 
ably enough,  but  personal  ill-treatment  did  not  wring  his  heart 
like  those  barbarities  which  he  saw  inflicted  on  the  American 
prisoners,  which  fastened  such  indelible  dishonor  on  the  British 
name.  They  were  never  equalled  until  the  days  of  Salisbury 
and  Andersonville.  When  allowed  to  go  at  large,  he  labored 
day  and  night,  with  all  his  strength,  resources  and  credit,  for 
their  relief.  He  was  there  when  two  thousand  of  these  martyrs 
were  sacrificed  to  what  he  calls  "  the  scientific  barbarity  of  Bri- 
tain." The  enemy  sought  to  bribe  him  with  the  offer  of  a  reg- 
iment and  service  abroad,  to  desert  his  flag.  He  spurned  the 
bribe,  and  they  declared  he  must  be  crazy.  To  cure  him,  they 
threw  him  into  a  dungeon,  with  thieves  and  murderers,  and 
almost  starved  him  to  death.  But  the  victory  of  Bennington 
and  the  capture  of  Burgoyne  furnished  the  Americans  with 
abundant  material  for  retaliation,  and  improved  his  treatment. 
It  was  not,  however,  until  May,  1778,  well  towards  three  years 
after  his  capture,  that  he  was  finally  exchanged  for  Colonel 
Campbell  of  the  British  army.  He  then  proceeded  to  Valley 
Forge,  where  Washington  received  him  with  the  strongest  ex- 
pressions of  respect  and  esteem.     He  has  recorded  the  impres-- 


39 


/ 


sion  made  by  the  returned  prisoner  in  no  doubtful  terms.  He 
was  weak  and  emaciated  in  body,  but  his  heart  was  strong  and 
true.  Washington's  letter  to  Congress,  in  furtherance  of  Allen's 
desire  to  enter  the  service  again  as  soon  as  his  strength  was 
restored,  shows  how  admirably  the  Father  of  his  country  esti- 
mated men.     It  is  too  illustrative  to  be  omitted  here. 

"  I  have  been  happy,"  he  wrote,  "  in  the  exchange  and  a 
visit  from  Col.  Allen.  His  fortitude  and  firmness  seem  to  have 
placed  him  out  of  the  reach  of  misfortune.  There  is  an  original 
something  in  him  that  commands  admiration  :  and  his  long  cap- 
tivity and  sufferings  have  only  served  to  increase  if  possible  his 
enthusiastic  zeal.  He  appears  very  desirous  of  rendering  his 
services  to  the  States  and  of  being  employed,  and  at  the  same 
time  he  docs  not  disclose  any  ambition  for  high  rank.  Congress 
will  herewith  receive  a  letter  from  him.  and  I  doubt  not  they 
will  make  such  provision  for  him  as  they  may  think  proper  and 
suitable. ": 

Congress  responded  by  granting  him  a  Colonel's  commis- 
sion, with  words  of  commendation  which  doubled  the  value  of 
the  reward.  After  visit  to  General  Gates,  who  treated  him.  as 
he  says,  "  with  the  generosity  of  a  lord,"  he  returned  to  Ben- 
nington on  the  last  day  of  May.  1778,  where  he  was  received 
with  great  rejoicing.  Among  other  manifestations,  a  salute  was 
fired,  of  thirteen  guns  for  the  older  States,  and  one  for  young 
Arcrmont. 

The  surrender  of  Burgoync  was  substantially  the  end  of 
the  fighting  in  this  quarter,  and  Allen  never  again  entered  act- 
ive service  in  the  Continental  .army.  The  position  of  Arcrmont 
was  precarious,  and  his  interest  in  her  fortunes  was  too  great  to 
permit  him  to  seek  employment  elsewhere.  She  was  putting 
the  machinery  of  her  government  in  motion,  in  which  there  wras 
some  friction,  and  her  enemies  had  become  more  dangerous 
since  they  had  substituted  intrigue  for  force.  He  entered  her 
service  with  renewed  activity,  and  until  her  final  admission  his 


40 

tongue  and  pen  were  employed  in  her  behalf.  Robinson,  who 
had  been  successful  with  Arnold,  offered  him  large  bribes  to 
desert:  his  answer  was  the  transmission  of  Robinson's  letters  to 
Congress.  He  was  prominent  in  the  negotiations  with  Haldi- 
mand,  which  secured  quiet  here  until  the  end  of  the  war.  His 
last  appearance  in  arms  was  in  the  suppression  of  the  refrac- 
tory "  Yorkers"  in  Windham  county.  With  a  hundred  of  his 
Green  Mountain  Boys  he  marched  to  Guilford,  and  there  issued 
a  proclamation,  which  is  a  model  of  directness  and  brevity:  ;i  I, 
Ethan  Allen,  declare,  that  unless  the  people  of  Guilford  peace- 
ably submit  to  the  authority  of  Vermont;  I  will  make  the  town 
as  desolate  as  were  the  cities  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah  !  "'  They 
submitted.  He  saw  the  Revolution  ended,  and  the  States  in- 
dependent, but  did  not  survive  to  see  Vermont  finally  take  her 
seat  in  the  National  Council.  His  sword  was  changed  into  a 
ploughshare,  he  became  a  farmer  in  yonder  beautiful  valley, 
and  there,  mourned  by  an  attached  people,  he  died  in  February, 
1789. 

I  have  not  attempted  so  much  as  a  reference  to  all  the 
prominent  events  in  Allen's  life.  They  are  far  too  numerous 
for  the  present  occasion.  His  vigorous  writings  in  behalf  of 
Vermont  have  not  been  mentioned.  It  is  better  far  to  pass 
them  over  than  to  touch  them  superficially.  As  we  pass  through 
a  beautiful  conservatory,  we  may  gather  here  and  there  a  spec- 
imen flower,  so  in  the  rich  field  of  vYllen's  life  I  have  just 
touched  upon  a  few  events  which  illustrate  his  character.  Even 
in  this  I  am  only  too  conscious  of  failure.  But  in  my  judg- 
ment he  is  mirrored  as  the  natural  product  of  the  times  and 
circumstances  in  which  he  lived — altogether  one  of  the  most 
interesting  characters  found  in  their  history.  It  would  be  a 
grave  mistake  to  gloss  over  his  faults  or  to  deny  their  existence. 
They  are  just  as  necessary  to  the  picture  as  his  merits.  But 
justice  requires  that  they  should  not  be  exaggerated.  They 
have  been,  and  grossly,  for  many  who  have  written  concerning 


41 

him  have  taken  counsel  of  their  prejudices  instead  of  their  rea- 
son.    Beside  his  grave  you  will  pardon  me  a  single  refutation. 

The  greatest,  perhaps  the  one  indefensible  charge  against 
Colonel  Allen  is  founded  upon  his  religious  opinions.  These 
are  perhaps  as  objectionable  to  me  as  to  his  harshest  critics,  few 
of  whom  know  what  he  did  or  did  not  believe.  They  have  no 
difficulty  in  leaping  to  the  conclusion  that  he  was  an  infidel  of 
the  worst  type,  and  morally  as  bad  a  man  as  modern  isms  have 
produced.  I  have  seen  it  stated  that  he  believed  neither  in 
God  nor  in  Eternity. 

Allen  never  concealed  his  opinions.  He  has  recorded  the 
religious  views  he  once  held,  plainly  and  clearly.  His  active 
life>  passed  in  the  service  of  freedom,  while  in  the  highest  degree 
unfavorable  to  religious  instruction  or  convictions,  did  not  fail 
to  develop,  perhaps  abnormally,  his  independence  of  thought 
upon  all  subjects,  religion  included.  It  was  not  only  his  nature, 
in  the  exercise  of  his  powerful  intellect,  to  bring  every  proposi- 
tion to  the  standard  of  human  reason,  but  he  could  not  do  oth- 
erwise without,  as  he  thought,  violating  his  common  sense.  In 
religion,  as  in  all  the  affairs  of  life,  he  followed  his  reason.  It 
led  him  to  the  belief  in  and  firm  conviction  of  an  eternal,  infi- 
nite, omnipotent  and  all  wise  Ruler  of  the  universe  ;  in  the  im- 
mortality of  the  soul ;  in  human  responsibility  to  conscience  and 
to  God,  coupled  Avith  perfect  freedom  of  action  and  will ;  in  the 
reward  of  the  righteous  and  the  punishment  of  the  wicked  in  a 
future  life,  upon  principles  of  infinite  justice.  In  that  he  reached 
the  ultimate  end  which  the  schools  of  ethics  are  agreed  may  be 
reached  by  the  light  of  natural  reason — where  reason  stops  and 
faith  begins.  That  he  did  so,  proves  that  he  was  a  metaphysi- 
cian of  no  ordinary  powers.  There  he  halted.  Belief  in  mira- 
cles, in  the  Bible  as  an  inspired  revelation,  in  the  divinity  and 
incarnation  of  Christ — all  the  doctrines  received  through  faith — 
he  rejected  as  contrary  to  reason.  In  advocacy  of  these  views 
he  wrote  a  book,  now  almost  forgotten,  and   which  I  would  do 


42 

nothing  to  rescue  from  its  merited  oblivion.  There  was  a  tinge 
of  orthodoxy  in  his  nature,  but  he  called  himself,  and  was  in 
fact,  a  theist.  Had  he  lived  to-daj,  he  would  not  have  been  a 
worse  man  than  many  members  of  respected  religious  denomi- 
nations. 

In  the  seventeenth  century  the  influence  of  such  doctrines 
was  widely  extended  by  the  asceticism  of  the  Puritans  and  the 
rigid  formality  of  the  established  church.  By  his  ardent  sup- 
port of  the  cause  of  Vermont,  Allen  had  formed  a  strong  at- 
tachment for  Dr.  Joseph  Young,  who  had  adopted  these  princi- 
ples and  was  a  warm  disciple  of  William  Blount,  an  eminent 
theist  of  the  period  named,  and  the  author  of  many  heterodox 
works,  one  of  them  called  "  The  Oracles  of  Reason."  Through 
Young,  Allen  became  acquainted  with  the  writings  of  Blount, 
and  a  convert  to  his  opinions.  The  book  which  Allen  wrote 
was  little  more  than  a  reproduction  of  Blount's  li  Oracles  "  and 
other  writings,  and  presents  the  same  arguments  almost  in  their 
consecutive  order. 

To  such  men  as  Allen  wisdom  cometh  with  increase  of 
years.  One  incident,  well  authenticated,  in  his  later  life,  will 
enable  you  to  judge  of  the  tenacity  of  his  final  adherence  to 
these  views.  He  was  blessed  with  a  religious  wife,  and  a  daugh- 
ter whom  he  loved  with  all  the  affection  of  his  great  and  gentle 
heart.  Early  fitted  for  a  better  life,  she  was  called  to  its  expe- 
rience before  she  reached  womanhood.  As  she  lay  upon  her 
dying  bed  she  called  her  father  to  her  side,  and  said  to  him  : 
u  Father,  I  am  about  to  die.  Shall  I  believe  in  your  princi- 
ples or  in  those  my  mother  has  taught  me?"  His  frame  quiv- 
ered, and  for  a  moment  he  could  not  reply.  But  when  at  last 
his  affection  burst  forth  in  tears,  there  came  Avith  them  in  gentle 
tones,  from  his  trembling  lips,  words  which  must  have  fallen 
upon  the  ears  of  the  dying  girl  almost  as  comforting  as  the 
voices  of  angels  welcoming  her  to  eternal  rest:  "  My  child,  be- 
lieve what  your  mother  has  taught  you  !"  Censors  of  Ethan 
Allen,  '■  Judge  not  and  ye  shall  not  be  judged.     Condemn  not 


43 

and  ye  shall  not  be  condemned.     For  with  the   same   measure 
that  ye  mete  withal,  it  shall  be  measured  to  you  again." 

From  whatever  standpoint  we  look  at  Ethan  Allen  our 
impression  is  always  the  same,  lie  is  always  the  conspicuous 
fio-ure,  the  recognized  leader,  the  man  who  moulds  others  to  his 
will.  The  view  may  be  as  brief  as  that  we  catch  when  the 
lightning  flashes  across  the  darkness  of  the  midnight  sky,  but 
it  is  as  clear  and  full  as  it  would  be  under  the  glare  of  the 
noonday  sun.  He  plants  himself  in  the  dentist's  chair  and 
orders  a  healthy  molar  to  be  wrenched  from  its  socket,  to  en- 
courage a  nervous,  suffering  woman,  whose  pride  is  thus  made 
to  overcome  her  fears.  "  I  did  not  employ  you  to  lie  ;  that  note 
is  mine  ;  I  only  want  a  little  time  to  pay  it  !"  he  fairly  roars  at 
his  astonished  lawyer,  who  had  denied  his  signature  in  the  trial 
of  a  lawsuit ;  and  his  opponent  gives  him  all  the  time  he  asks. 
"  This  man  must  be  hung  according  to  law,"  he  exclaims  to 
the  crowd  threatening  to  lynch  the  reprieved  tory  and  spy ; 
"  come  here  next  Friday  and  you  shall  see  somebody  hung  ;  if 
Redding  is  not,  I  will  be  hung  myself," — and  the  crowd  peaceably 
disperses.  "  Look  at  that  poor  mother,  and  then  say  if  you 
can  go  to  your  homes  and  sleep,"  he  says  to  the  discouraged 
neighbors,  about  to  give  up  the  search  for  the  lost  children  ;  and 
back  to  the  quest  goes  every  man  of  them,  never  to  give  it  up 
until  the  lost  wanderers  are  restored  to  their  mother's  arms. 
These  transient  gleams,  flashed  upon  him  in  his  unstudied  mo- 
ments, reveal  his  true  character. 

Men  and  brethren,  the  hour  is  filled  with  instruction.  But 
its  lesson  is  not  new.  Of  old  time  it  was  given  out  by  the 
Preacher,  the  son  of  David,  King  of  Jerusalem  :  "  whatsoever 
thy  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  with  thy  might."  Behold  their  re- 
ward who  faithfully  obey  the  mandate  of  the  Great  Teacher  ! 
A  century  ago  there  came  into  this  wilderness  a  few  plain  men. 
The  thought  of  future  greatness  they  never  conceived.  They 
came  not  to  found  a. State,  but  to  establish  their  homes.     Ty- 


44 

ranny  threw  his  giant  arms  around  them,  and  they  burst  from 
his  iron  embrace.  Left  to  their  own  resources,  with  no  friend 
but  Him  who  is  called  the  "  Counsellor,"  they  constructed  a 
government  upon  the  broad  foundations  of  justice  and  equity — 
they  defended  it  with  the  skill  of  diplomacy  and  the  power  of 
the  sword.  They  met  their  enemies  on  many  a  field,  and  were 
always  victorious  because  always  right.  They  left  to  their 
children  the  legacy  of  as  good  a  government  as  human  hands 
have  ever  framed.  They  little  thought,  those  day-laborers  at 
the  post  of  duty,  that  they  were  raising  monuments  to  them- 
selves which  would  never  perish  while  the  race  survived.  They 
were  not  the  first  who  have  builded  better  than  they  knew. 

Soldiers  in  the  campaign  of  life,  whose  faces  are  constantly 
set  on  the  future  !  halt  here  and   turn  them  backward  over 
the  great  highway  which  has  been  trodden  by  the  army  of  man- 
kind.    Back  in  the   depths   of  prehistoric   night,  in  that  dark 
age  when  primeval  man  first  contended,  with  weapons  of  stone, 
against  brute  beasts  for  the  dominion  of  the  earth,  it  begins,  in 
his  savage  lair,  among  the  reedy  fens  and  dank  morasses  of  an 
antediluvian  wilderness.     It  is  strewn  thick  on  either  side  with 
skull  and  skeleton,  mute  witnesses  of  races  that  have  perished 
by  the  way.     The  night  encampment  where   each  day's  march 
was  ended,  has  once  been  marked  by  its  own  memorial  cairn. 
At  first  so  slight  that  it  fell  with  the  first  wave  that  washed  the 
place  where  it  stood,  so  near  the  next  that  it  is  doubtful  whe- 
ther it  marks  an  advance   or  a  retreat,  then  more  permanent 
and  distant,  as  the  race  moved  on,  until  at  length  they  rise,  ma- 
jestic shafts,  proclaiming  to  all  the   future  the  discovery  of  a 
science  or  a  continent.     As  we  stand  on  this  grassy  mount,  and 
look  down  the  wondrous  colonnade,  which  it  has  required  all  time 
to  build,  it  is  lighted  up  with  the  meridian  splendor  of  present 
civilization.     In  bold  relief  stands  out  the  record  of  each  great 
achievement,  sculptured  upon  the  pillared  capitals.     There  is 
one  arcade  where  the  clustered  columns  seem  to  rise  loftier,  and 


45 

the  record  to  flash  out  in  more  golden  splendor.  It  marks  the 
birth  of  our  republic,  the  days  when  our  fathers  lived.  As  we 
fix  our  eyes  upon  it  their  age  becomes  heroic,  and  those  plain 
farmers  rise  to  the  stature  of  great  men.  The  State  they 
founded  has  grown  in  strength  and  honors,  and  is  filled  with  the 
comfortable  homes  of  an  energetic  people.  Their  descendants 
have  carried  their  names  to  the  ends  of  the  earth,  to  be  honored 
wherever  they  are  known.  The  laws  of  nature  seem  to  be 
reversed,  and  these  men  rise  as  they  recede.  Among  them  we 
behold  statesmen  broad  in  conception,  wise  in  counsel,  firm  in 
execution ;  orators  whose  words  of  power  fire  the  soul ;  diplo- 
matists who  met  antagonists  trained  in  courts  and  skilled  in 
intrigue,  and  worsted  them  ;  lawyers  elevated  to  the  level  of 
legal  principles,  who  with  them  could  frame  constitutions :  sol- 
diers brave  in  war,  moderate  in  peace :  philosophers  splendid  in 
success,  dignified,  and  therefore  more  splendid,  in  adversity.  It 
is  a  discipline  to  human  pride  to  look  upon  the  picture,  for  over 
it  is  written  the  inscription  :  "  There  were  giants  in  those 
days." 

One  of  the  monuments  of  their  great  soldier  we  complete 
to-day.  He  was  the  leader  of  their  little  army,  the  defender  of 
their  simple  faith.  Simple  it  was,  truly,  for  its  creed  was  sum- 
marized in  the  maxim,  "To  every  one  his  own,"  and  compre- 
hended nothing  beyond  the  natural  right  of  every  man  to  hold  his 
opinions  and  his  possessions  free  from  the  control  or  dictation  of 
every  human  superior.  It  was  symbolized  by  no  heraldic  sign, 
blazoned  upon  no  knightly  shield.  But  it  was  impressed  by  the 
Almighty  upon  the  hearts  of  men,  and  in  the  sublimity  of  its 
power  is  surpassed  by  none  save  that  embraced  in  the  two  com- 
mandments whereon  hang  all  the  law  and  the  prophets.  To  such 
men  as  Allen  and  his  cotemporaries,  who  defended  it  when  its 
apostles  were  few  and  its  enemies  many  and  mighty,  the  world 
owes  the  fact  that  it  has  now  become  the  faith  of  nations,  and 
numbers  among  its  proselytes  the  good  and  the  true  of  all  the 


46 

earth.  Since  it  was  born  of  Christianity  it  never  had  a  more 
faithful  soldier.  The  few  scattered  rays  shed  from  the  light  of 
history  upon  widely  distant  portions  of  his  career  are  only  in- 
tended to  sketch  its  outline.  Would  you  do  him  justice,  you 
must  study  the  record  and  fill  up  the  picture.  lie  was  not  a 
model,  and  none  so  well  as  himself  knew  his  imperfections. 
But  he  never  concealed  them :  nor  have  I  departed  from  his  ex- 
ample. Alike  in  victory  and  defeat,  in  success  and  adversity, 
he  compelled  the  admiration  of  his  enemies.  When,  like  the 
Psalmist,  "  innumerable  evils  compassed  him  about,"  and  "trou- 
bles came  not  single  spies,  but  in  battalions,"  he  never  despaired, 
but  rose  above  them,  serene,  unconquerable,  and  always  a  sol- 
dier. The  ceremonies  by  which  Vermont  recalls  his  deeds  and 
commends  him  to  the  grateful  remembrance  of  her  children  are 
indeed  imposing ;  but  since  she  had  a  flag  to  defend  there  have 
been  no  honors  in  her  service  more  bravely  won  than  those  which 
she  lays  to-day  upon  her  chieftain's  grave. 

Men  of  Vermont !  The  reproofs  of  instruction  are  the 
way  of  life.  Yonder  shaft  and  statue,  the  monument  of  a  sol- 
dier's glory,  are  your  instruction.  Think  not  because  brave 
men  won  your  liberties,  and  secured  the  blessings  which  you 
now  enjoy,  that  you  have  nothing  to  do  but  to  sit  quietly  down 
and  bask  in  the  sunlight  of  your  ancestral  glories.  There  is  a 
work  for  every  man,  and  yours  lies  before  you.  So  long  as  by 
slothfulness  the  building  decayeth,  so  long  can  the  blessings  of  a 
free  government  be  preserved  by  labor  and  watchfulness  alone. 
Mark  the  notes  of  Avarning  which  rise  from  your  nation's  capi- 
tal and  your  sister  States,  calling  you  to  watch  with  eagle  eye 
the  sappers  and  miners  of  corruption,  approaching  with  stealthy 
steps  on  every  side  the  temple  wherein  is  the  treasure  of  your 
inheritance.  You  have  besides  a  mission  whose  field  is  the 
world.  Your  duty  cannot  be  performed  until  corruption,  tyr- 
anny and  oppression  are  driven  from  the  earth — until  every 
human  being,  created  in  the  image  of  his  Maker,  is  a  freeman, 


47 

in  full  possession  of  his  natural  birthright  of  life,  liberty  and 
the  pursuit  of  happiness.  Duty  rises  with  its  knowledge  and 
the  ability  to  perform  it.  Had  Allen  and  his  associates  taken 
"  yet  a  little  more  sleep,  a  little  folding  of  the  hands  to  sleep," 
instead  of  Vermont  with  her  record  and  her  influence,  there 
would  have  been  a  provincial  county  or  country  district.  Let 
Yermonters  emulate  their  energy  and  follow  their  examples,  and 
there  may  be  yet  other  Vermonts  on  the  Pacific  shores,  in  the 
Celestial  Empire  and  Farther  India.  Not  upon  us  rests  all 
the  responsibility,  it  is  true,  but  in  the  great  army  of  human- 
ity we  are  all  soldiers.  We  live  in  a  favored  age.  Art  and 
science  are  moving  forward  with  gigantic  strides.  Every  day 
is  made  glorious  by  the  splendor  of  some  new  and  grand  dis- 
covery, which  marks  the  progress  of  human  development  another 
stage.  The  war  which  began  in  Eden  is  not  yet  ended.  The 
prize  of  the  battle  is  the  empire  of  the  world.  The  armies  are 
gathering  for  the  final  campaign.  Every  nation  must  furnish 
its  own  quota.  Under  the  black  flag  serve  all  the  satellites  of 
slavery,  injustice,  oppression,  corruption  and  despotic  barbar- 
ism ;  under  the  banner  of  Christian  civilization  are  all  the  true, 
the  just  and  the  free.  Our  loyal  service  is  a  duty  which,  if 
need  be,  we  must  perform  without  rank  or  pay.  Yonder,  upon 
a  distant  continent,  it  may  be  upon  the  very  spot  where  man 
first  fell  from  his  high  estate,  is  the  stronghold  and  capital  city 
of  the  enemy.  His  soldiers  are  encamped  round  about  it.  On 
this  side  lie  the  wilderness,  with  its  breastAvorks,  outposts  and 
redoubts,  which  swarm  with  the  legions  of  the  foe.  But  the 
wilderness  must  be  traversed,  the  capital  city  must  be  taken, 
the  enemy  must  be  destroyed.  Are  we  ready  for  the  last  cam- 
paign ?  The  hour  of  the  conflict  draws  near.  The  note  of  prep- 
aration has  already  sounded.  Its  music  stirs  the  blood  and 
touches  the  heart  of  every  freeman.  From  town  and  city, 
mountain  and  valley,  hill  and  plain,  the  recruits  are  pouring  in. 
They  come  as  the  winds  and  waves  come,  gathering  "thick  as 
autumnal  leaves  that  strew  the  brooks  of  Yallombrosa."     In 


48 

one  corps  let  there  be  no  faltering  heart,  no  doubtful  answer  to 
the  call  And  when  the  order  for  the  march  shall  come,  let  it 
ring  through  the  army,  filling  every  true  man's  heart  with  high 
hope  and  unfaltering  courage— the  sure  presage  of  victory- 
sharp  and  clear,  as  once  it  rang  along  Virginia's  plains  :  "Put 
the  Vermonters  in  the  front,  and  close  up  the  column  !" 


The  orator  was  frequently  and  heartily  applauded  during 
the  oration,  and  at  its  close. 


€LOSING    EXERCISES. 


After  :iHail  Columbia"  by  the  bands,  the  hymn  : 

"My  country,  'tis  of  thee, 
Sweet  land  of  liberty," 

was  sung  by  the  choir  and  the  assembly,  the  bands  swelling  the 
chorus,  with  grand  effect. 

The  exercises  closed  with  a  benediction  by  the  chaplain. 
The  procession  re-formed  and  passed  through  the  cemetery, 
under  the  monument,  and  thence  through  Colchester  Avenue, 
Pearl  street  and  Church  street  to  the  square,  where  it  disbanded. 

The  day  ended  with  a  grand  display  of  fireworks  on  the 
College  Park,  the  closing  piece  of  which  was  a  large  repre- 
sentation of  the  Statue,  with  the  motto:  "In  the  name  of  the 
Great  Jehovah  and  the  Continental  Congress."  It  was  esti- 
mated that  the  fireworks  were  witnessed  by  not  less  than  twelve 
thousand  persons. 

Evidence  of  the  interest  shown  in  the  occasion,  by  the 
people  of  Vermont,  was  not  confined  to  the  large  attendance 
on  the  ceremonies,  but  appeared  in  letters  from  leading  citizens 
to  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  and  in  the  accounts  and 
comments  of  the  Press  of  the  State.  This  interest  was  the 
more  noticeable  in  view  of  somewhat  recent  attempts  to  traduce 
the  memory  of  Ethan  Allen,  and  to  attack  through  him  the 
honor  and  fair  fame  of  the  founders  of  the  State  of  Vermont, 
made  by  certain  gentlemen  of  a  "  New  School  of  History"  in 
New  York  State,  whose  contributions  to  History  seem  to  be 
confined  in  large  degree  to  abuse  of  eminent  patriots  of  former 
days,  and  attempts  to  transfer  their  laurels  to  traitors  and  no- 
bodies. The  occasion  afforded  throughout  ample  proof  that 
the  people  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  in  spite  of  his  traducers, 
still  hold  in  undiminished  and  undying  honor,  the  memory  of 
the  Hero  of  Ticonderoga. 


APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX 


LETTER   FROM     HON.    J.    N.    POMEROY    TO    GOV.    CONVERSE. 

Burlington,  11th  March,  1873. 

His  Excellency,  Julius  Converse,    Woodstock : 

Dear  Sir — You  are  aware,  of  course,  that  the  State  of  Vermont  has 
caused  to  be  erected  in  Green  Mount  Cemetery  in  this  City,  a  granite 
column,  some  forty-three  feet  in  height,  to  the  memory  of  Ethan  Allen, 
and  that  the  Legislature  authorized  the  Committee  who  had  charge  of 
that  work  to  procure  to  be  placed  thereon  a  heroic  Statue  of  that  distin- 
guished Patriot,  without  expense  to  the  State.  The  Committee,  as  at 
first  appointed  by  the  Governor,  were  Charles  Adams,  Esq.,  and  the 
writer  hereof  ;  but  Mr.  Adams  soon  retiring,  the  Hon.  George  P.  Marsh 
was  appointed  to  fill  his  place.  For  various  reasons— the  want  of  funds, 
unfavorable  legislation,  the  continued  absence  of  Mr.  Marsh  as  our  Min- 
ister tc  Italy,  and  the  overwhelming  excitement  of  the  rebellion — the 
work  has  been  necessarily  postponed  until  the  present  time.  We  are 
happy  now  in  announcing  that  the  long  desired  statue,  of  Carrara  marble, 
is  now  on  the  way  from  Italy,  and  is  expected  to  be  here  and  placed  on 
the  monument  early  in  the  month  of  May  next,  probably  on  the  10th  of 
that  month,  which  is  the  anniversary  of  the  taking  of  Ticonderoga. 
When  this  is  done,  the  functions  of  the  present  Committee  will  cease, 
and  whatever  of  notice  or  celebration  of  the  event  (if  any)  shall  take 
place,  will,  it  is  presumed,  depend  upon  the  action  of  the  Governor  of 
the  State.  Should  your  Excellency  favor  a  celebration,  as  we  doubt  not 
you  will,  we  beg  you  will  pardon  us  for  suggesting  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  of  arrangements  to  carry  out  the  design.  Should  any  address 
be  contemplated,  no  time  should  be  lost  in  the  selection  of  an  orator. 
We  again  beg  pardon  for  the  freedom  of  these  suggestions,  which  are 
intended  to  facilitate,  but  not  control  your  action,  and  are, 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  Excellency's  obedient  servants, 

JOHN  N.  POMEROY,  for  Committee. 


54 


GQV.    CONVERSES    REPLY. 


Executive  Chamber,  ) 
Woodstock,  March  13,  1873.      j 

Hon.  John  N,  Pomeroy : 

Dear  Sir— Your  favor  of  the  11th  instant  reached  me  last  evening. 
I  am  glad  to  learn  that  the  Statue  of  Allen  is  on  its  way  to  America,  and 
that  it  is  proposed  by  the  Committee  having  the  matter  in  charge  to  have 
it  raised  to  its  position  on  the  anniversary  of  the  taking  of  Ticonderoga, 
the  10th  of  May  next.  It  seems  to  me  highly  befitting  the  occasion  to 
have  in  connection  with  the  ceremonial  a  public  celebration.  The  event 
which  is  so  glorious  to  Allen  and  important  to  his  country  should  be 
immortalized.  Should  you  agree  with  me,  and  will  permit  me,  I  would 
name  for  the  committee  of  arrangements  for  the  occasion  Edward  J. 
Phelps,  Luther  C.  Dodge,  Wm.  G.  Shaw,  G.  G.  Benedict.  Should  you, 
gentlemen,  think  it  best  to  add  gentlemen  out  of  Burlington,  please  name 
them  and  add  them  to  this  list. 

Very  respectfully,  your  humble  servant, 

JULIUS  CONVERSE. 


MR.    POMEROY   TO   GOV.    CONVERSE. 

Burlington,  17th  March,  1873. 

His  Excellency,   Gov.   Converse,    Woodstock : 

Dear  Sir— Your  favor  of  the  13th  instant,  in  answer  to  mine  of  the 
11th  instant,  was  duly  received,  and  I  have  at  length  the  gentlemen  you 
nominated  as  the  Committee  on  the  part  of  the  City  of  Burlington  to 
make  arrangements  for  the  Ethan  Allen  Statue  Celebration,  and  they  have 
accepted  the  nomination,  and  expressed  their  readiness  to  enter  upon 
and  discharge  the  duties  implied,  in  conjunction  with  such  other  citizens 
as  they  might  select  and  be  by  you  approved. 
I  remain,  very  truly, 

Your  Excailency's  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  N.  POMEROY, 

for  Committee. 


THE    SECRETARY   OF    THE    COMMITTEE   TO    MR.    CHITTENDEN. 

Burlington,  April  13,  1873. 

Hon.  i.  E.   Chittenden,  New   York  City: 

Dear  Sir — The  Committee  of  Arrangements  for  the  inauguration 
and  presentation  to  the  State  of  Vermont  of  a  Statue  of  Gen.  Ethan 


55 

Allen,  to  be  placed  upon  the  monument  over  his  grave  in  Green  Mount 
Cemetery,  have  fixed  on  the  Fourth  of  July  next,  as  the  time  for  the  un- 
veiling and  presentation  of  the  Statue  ;  have  decided  that  one  of  the 
prominent  features  of  the  day  shall  be  an  address  commemorative  of  the 
character  and  services  of  Ethan  Allen  ;  and  have  unanimously  desig- 
nated yourself  as  the  orator  of  the  occasion.  The  Committee  believe 
that  no  man  can  better  do  this  service,  and  trust  that  you  will  accept  the 
duty. 

Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

G.  G.  BENEDICT, 
Secretary  of  the  Com.  of  Arrangements. 


mr.  chittenden  s  reply. 

25  West  38th  Street,  ) 

New  York,  April  19th.  1873.        f 

Dear  Sir— I  have  receivtd  your  note  of  the  13th  inst.  asking  me  to 
deliver  an  address  on  the  occasion  of  the  inauguration  and  presentation 
to  the  State  of  the  statue  of  Ethan  Allen  on  the  fourth  of  next  July. 

I  think  the  committee  would  have  decided  more  wisely  had  they 
extended  this  invitation  to  some  other  Vermonter,  for  I  have  recently 
presented  to  the  Legislature  and  the  Historical  Society  of  Vermont  many 
of  the  piominent  facts  in  .  Hen's  life,  which  must  to  a  certain  extent  be 
repeated  on  such  an  occasion  But  if  the  committee  prefer  that  I  should 
deliver  the  address,  I  shall  be  happy  to  accept  the  invitation,  and  will 
endeavor  to  do  the  subject  justice. 

Yours  very  truly, 

L.  E.  CHITTENDEN. 
G.  G.  Benedict,  Esq.,  Secretary,  &c,  &c. 


letter  from  president   grant. 

Execttive  Mansion, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Mny  31,  1873. 

7b  Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Burlington,    VI. 

Sir— The  President  directs  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
very  cordial  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  unveiling  of  the  Statue  of 
Gen.  Ethan  Allen  on  the  4th  of  July  next. 

It  would  afford  him  pleasure  to  assist  in  the  exercises  in  honor  of 
that  distinguished  patriot,  and  also  to  greet  the  citizens  of  Vermont 
assembled  on  the  occasion,  but  his  engagements  are  such  that  he  is  not 
able  to  accept. 


56 

He  wishes  me  to  thank  you  for  your  very  kind  invitation,  and  to 
assure  you  of  his  sincere  wish  that  the  occasion  may  be  one  of  great 
pleasure  to  all  assembled. 

I  am.  Sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

O.  E.  Babcock, 

Secretary. 


LETTER    FROM     GEN.    SHERMAN. 


Headquarters  Armies  of  the  United  States,  j 

173.      \ 


Washington,  D.  C,  May  31,  18'i 
To  Hon.  L.   C.  Dodge,  Mayor,  and  Chairman  Local  Com.,  Burlington,   VI.: 

My  Dear  Sir — I  am  just  come  back  from  the  West,  whither  I  went 
to  assist  in  the  obsequies  of  my  old  comrade,  General  Canby,  and  find 
your  letter  of  May  20,  inviting  me  to  come  to  Burlington  so  as  to  be 
present  at  the  exercises  connected  with  the  Unveiling  and  Inauguration 
of  the  Statue  of  Ethan  Allen,  on  the  4th  day  of  July  next. 

I  regret  extremely  that  it  will  be  impossible  for  me  to  come  at  that 
time.  I  have  made  other  arrangements  for  that  special  day,  because  my 
family  will  not  as  in  former  years  come  to  Vermont  this  summer,  but 
must  content  themselves  with  a  summer  resort  nearer  home. 

Ethan  Allen  was  one  of  those  stalwart,  brave  and  heroic  men,  that  I 
would  delight  to  honor.  His  name  has  already  inspired  hundreds  to  do 
deeds  of  glory  in  our  country's  cause,  that  are  reflected  in  almost  every 
page  of  modern  history,  and  you  do  a  most  graceful  deed  in  placing  his 
statue  on  the  shores  of  that  Lake,  that  must  have  been  looked  on  by  him 
in  life  with  feelings  of  intense  admiration  and  pride. 

The  next  time  it  is  my  good  fortune  to  pass  down  Champlain  my 
eye  will  certainly  look  for  the  form  and  figure  of  him  who  was  the  beau 
ideal  of  our  youthful  conception  of  the  worthy  leader  of  the  "Green 
Mountain  Boys." 

Certain  that  you  will  have  a  large  attendance  of  the  first  men  of  New 
England,  and  that  all  things  will  be  done  wortly  of  the  occasion, 
I  am  truly  your  friend, 

W.  T.  SHERMAN,  General. 


letter  from    lieutenant  gen.  sheridan. 

Headquarters  Mil.  Div.  of  the  Missouri, 
Chicago,  111.,  June  27th,  1873. 

To  the  Hon.  L.    C.  Dodge,  Burlingtoi ,   VI.: 

My  Dear  Sir— As  the  Fourth  of  July  approaches  I  find,  much  to  my 

regret,  that  my  official  duties  will  oblige  my  absence  at  that  date.    I  have, 


57 

just  returned  from  a  trip  to  Minnesota,  and  will  be  obliged  within  a  few 
days  to  again  absent  myself  in  that  direction,  as  the  government  is  about 
constructing  some  military  posts  along  the  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  which  require  my  personal  attention. 

Again  regretting  my  inability  to  be  with  you  upon  the  unveiling  of 
Gen.  Ethan  Allen's  Statue,  and  wishing  you  a  thoroughly  enjoyable  time, 
upon  the  occasion, 

I  am  very  truly  yours, 

P.  H.  SHERIDAN,  Lieut.  General. 


LETTER   FROM    MAJ.    GEN.    HANCOCK. 

New  York,  June  2,  1873. 
Hon.  L.   C,  Dodge,  Burlington,    Vt. 

My  Dear  Sir — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
kind  letter  of  the  20th  inst.,  inviting  me  to  be  present  at  the  Inaugura- 
tion of  a  marble  Statue  of  Gen.  Ethan  Allen,  at  Burlington,  on  the  4th 
proximo. 

It  would  have  given  me  very  great  pleasure  to  have  accepted  the  in- 
vitation to  witness  the  ceremonies  on  that  interesting  occasion;  but  be- 
fore receiving  it  I  had  made  arrangements  for  an  official  visit  to  the 
military  posts  on  the  lakes,  and  although  I  expect  to  visit  Burlington 
later  in  the  season,  I  shall  hardly  be  able  to  reach  that  point  until  some 
time  during  the  latter  part  of  July. 

I  am  very  truly  yours, 

W.  S.  HANCOCK,  Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  A. 


LETTER   FROM    GEN.    WM.    F.    SMITH. 

London,  June  12,  1873. 
Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor  :     ■ 

Sir— It  is  with  great  regret  that  absence  from  the  United  States 
compels  me  to  forego  the  pleasure  of  meeting  my  distinguished  brothers 
in  arms,  and  doing  honor  to  the  memory  of  Vermont's  celebrated  soldier 
on  the  approaching  4th  of  July.  I  thank  you  for  the  kind  terms  in  which 
your  invitation  was  extended  to  me,  and  I  trust  your  exercises  may  be 
interesting  and  instructive,  and  that  hereafter  all  young  Vermonters  may, 
whenever  tailed  upon  to  draw  the  sword,  take,  in  patriotism  and  bravery, 
Ethan  Allen  as  their  model. 

Yours  faithfully,  WM.  F.  SMITH. 


58 

LETTER  FROM  GOVERNOR  PERHAM  OF  MAINE. 

State  of  Maine,  ] 

Executive  Department,  \ 
Augusta,  May  29,  1873.      J 
Hon,  I..  C.  Dodge,  Chairman,  &c: 

Dear  Sir— I  am  under  obligations  to  you  for  your  kind  invitation 
to  the  exercises  connected  with  the  unveiling,  presentation  and  inaugu- 
ration of  the  Statue  of  Ethan  Allen.  It  would  afford  me  great  pleasure 
to  be  present  on  that  interesting  occasion,  but  my  official  duties  will 
probably  prevent.  Should  I  find  it  possible  to  be  absent  from  the  State 
at  the  time  named  I  will  communicate  with  you  again. 

Yours  respectfully, 

S.  PEKHAM. 


letter  from  governor  straw  of  new  hampshire. 

State  of  New  Hampshire,  ) 

Executive  Department,  > 

Concord,  June  9th,  1873.  ) 

Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor  of  Burlington,   Ft: 

My  Dear  Sir — I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favor  of 
May  10th,  inviting  me  to  be  present  at  the  exercises  connected  with  the 
inauguration  of  the  statue  of  Ethan  Allen  on  the  4th  day  of  July  next. 

Please  accept  my  thanks  for  your  kind  invitation,  and  my  regrets 
that  I  shall  be  unable  to  be  present  with  ycu  on  that  occasion,  having 
made  engagements  for  that  day  at  home. 

It  would  have  given  me  great  pleasure  to  join  with  you  in  celebrat- 
ing the  anniversary  of  our  Independence,  by  honoring  such  a  noble 
patriot  as  Ethan  Allen. 

Yours  very  truly, 

E.  A.  STRAW. 


letter  from  governor  washburn  of  massachusetts. 

Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,      ^ 

Executive   Department,  v 

Boston,  Gth  June,  1873.  ) 

Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Chairman  of  Committee,  Mayor  of  Burlington,  VL: 

Sir— I  thank  you  and  the  Committee,  of  which  you  are  Chairman, 

for  an  invitation  to  attend  the  Inauguration  Ceremonies  at  Burlington 


59 

on  the  fourth  of  next  month.     It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  not  only 

to'  be  present  on  that  occasion  but  to  visit  your  beautiful  city  and  meet 

your  distinguished  guests.     But  the   prospect  as    to  official    duties  at 

home  does  not  permit  me  at  this  time  to  signify  an  acceptance  of  the 

proffered  courtesy.     Should  affairs  hereafter  take  such  a  tarn  as  to  allow 

me  to  be  absent,  I  may  give  myself  the  gratification  of  joining  you,  in 

which  event  I  will  give  you  due  notification.      Failing  to  receive  such 

advices  a  week  beforehand,  I  beg  the  Committee  to  excuse  me  and  accept 

my  regrets.     I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

W.  B.  WASHBURN, 

Governor  of  Massachusetts. 


lettek  from  governor  howard  of  rhode  island. 

State  of  Rhode  Island,  } 

Executive  Department,  > 

Providence,  June  3rd,  1873.    ) 

L.  C.  Dodge,  Esq.,  Chairman  &c„  Burlington,  Vt: 

Dear  Sir— It  would  give  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  join  you  in 
your  exercises  in  honor  of  glorious  Ethan  Allen,  but  as  there  will  be  a 
celebration  here  on  that  day,  I  do  not  feel  that  I  can  leave  the  State  at 
that  time. 

Sincerely  yours, 

HENRY  HOWARD. 


letter  from  governor  1ngersoll  of  connecticut. 

State  of  Connecticut, 
Executive  Department, 
Hartford,  June  19,  1873. 

Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor  &c,  Burlington,  Vt: 

Dear  Sir— I  regret  that  my  engagements  will  not  permit  me  to 
attend  the  inauguration  of  the  statue  of  Gen.  Allen  at  Burlington  on 
the  4th  of  July. 

I  have  delayed  a  reply  to  your  invitation  thinking  it  might  be  other- 
wise.    With  thanks  for  your  courtesy,  I  am 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

S.  R.  INGERSOLL. 


60 

letter  from  governor  dix  of  new  york. 

State  of  New  York,  ) 

Executive   Chamber,      \ 

Albany,  25th  June,  1873.       J 

Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor,  &c: 

Dear  Sir— I  regret  exceedingly  that  engagements  here  will  not 
permit  me  to  accept  the  invitation  in  behalf  of  the  State  of  Vermont  to 
be  present  at  the  ceremony  of  unveiling  the  statue  of  Ethan  Allen,  at 
Burlington,  on  the  4th  of  July  next. 

There  are  few  of  the  gallant  men  identified  with  the  establishment 
of  our  independence  whose  memory  deserves  so  well  to  be  perpetuated; 
and  it  would  have  given  me  the  most  sincere  pleasure,  if  it  had  been  in 
my  power,  to  bear  testimony,  by  my  presence  at  the  interesting  ceremony 
referred  to,  to  my  grateful  remembrance,  as  an  American  citizen  and  a 
native  of  New  England,  of  his  courage  and  patriotism. 

With  my  thanks  for  the  kind^invitation  tendered  to  me, 
I  am,  dear  sir, 

Very  truly  yours, 

JOHN  A.  DIX. 


LETTER   FROM   EX-GOV.    HALL. 

North  Bennington,  June  26th,  1873. 
Dear  Sir — I  have  had  a  strong  desire,  in  compliance  with  your 
kind  invitation,  to  be  present  on  the  ensuing  anniversary  of  our  national 
independence,  at  the  Inauguration  of  the  Statue  of  Ethan  Allen,  and 
until  within  a  few  days  past  I  had  hoped  to  do  so.  But  I  am  now  satis- 
fied my  health  is  not  sufficiently  strong  to  justify  me  in  attempting  to 
undergo  the  fatigue  and  excitement  which  would  be  necessarily  incident 
to  that  interesting  occasion. 

Ethan  Allen  was  known  to  his  contemporaries,  not  only  as  one  of  the 
prominent  founders  of  our  State,  but  as  a  distinguished  hero  of  the 
American  Revolution,  and  as  such  he  will  ever  be  embalmed  in  history. 
I  rejoice  that  his  well  earned  marble  Statue  is  to  be  conspicuously  placed 
over  his  remains  in  the  beautiful  City  of  Burlington.  In  the  just  lan- 
guage of  an  eminent  historian:  "Ethan  Allen  was  brave,  generous  and 
frank,  true  to  his  friends,  true  to  his  country,  consistent  and  unyielding 
in  his  purposes,  seeking  at  all  times  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  man- 
kind, a  lover  of  social  harmony,  and  a  determined  foe  to  the  artifices  of 
injustice  and  the  encroachments  of  power.     Few  suffered  more  in  the 


61 

cause  of  freedom,  and  few  bore  their  sufferings  with  a  firmer  constancy 
or  a  loftier  spirit. " 

In  view  of  his  great  and  important  services  to  the  State  and  Nation, 
it  is  eminently  fit  that  we  of  this  generation  who  are  enjoying  the  fruits 
of  his  exertions,  should  choose  the  anniversary  day  of  our  national  inde- 
pendence to  honor  ourselves  by  conferring  special  honor  on  his  memory. 

Kegretting  my  inability  to  be  present  with  my  brethren  of  the  State, 
on  the  interesting  occasion,  I  am,  dear  sir, 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

HILAND  HALL. 
Hon.  L.   V.  Dodge,  Mayor  of  Burlington, 
and  Chairman  of  Local  Committee. 


LETTER   FROM   EX-GOV.    FLETCHER. 

Proctorsville,  Vt.,  June  3,  1873. 
Hon.  L.  C.  Dodge,  Mayor,  &c: 

Dear  Sir — The  kind  invitation  communicated  through  your  polite- 
ness, to  attend  the  Inauguration  of  the  Statue,  is  received.  Several  con- 
siderations render  a  compliance  with  the  invitation  highly  gratifying. 
"  That  patriotic  anniversary  "  is  adapted  to  awaken  the  liveliest  enthusi- 
asm and  the  most  grateful  recollections.  I  had  the  honor  of  being  con- 
nected *with  the  preparation  of  the  monument,  and  examined  it,  in 
company  with  your  distinguished  townsman,  Hon.  G.  P.  Marsh,  soon 
after  its  erection.  It  will  be  an  occasion  of  stirring  interest,  to  visit  again 
that  consecrated  spot. 

Respectfully  and  sincerely  yours, 

RYLAND  FLETCHER. 


LETTER   FROM    U.    S.    SENATOR   MORRILL. 

Strafford,  Vt..  June  16,  1873. 

Hon.  L.   C.  Dodge,  Mayor.  Burlington,    Vt: 

Dear  Sir — It  would  afford  me  great  pleasure  to  accept  of  your  cor- 
dial invitation  of  the  20th  ult.,  and  to  be  present  at  the  Inauguration  of 
the  Statue  of  Ethan  Allen  on  the  4th  of  July  next  in  your  City.  I  have 
delayed  any  response,  hoping  that  I  might  be  able  to  accept  of  an  enter- 
tainment promising  so  much  interest;  but  I  shall  be  forced  to  deny  myself 
the  pleasure  I  am  sure  you  have  in  store  for  your  guests,  and  all  who  may 
be  so  fortunate  as  to  be  present. 


62 

I  have  several  journies  I  am  compelled  to  make  in  the  next  six  weeks, 
and  among  hem  one  trip  to  your  City,  that  I  must  not  shirk,  as  Trustee 
of  the  University,  and   therefore  I  am  reluctantly  obliged  to  decliue  the 
invitation  so  courteously  tendered. 
With  thanks,  I  am 

Very  truly  37ours, 

JUSTIN  S.  MORRILL. 


LETTER    FROM   JUDGE  WHEELER. 

Jamaica,  May  26,  1873. 
Hon.  L.   C.  Dodge,  Mayor,  &c: 

Dear  Sir— Your  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  Inauguration  of  the 
Statue  of  Ethan  Allen  has  been  received,  for  which  please  accept  my 
thanks.     I  will  endeavor  to  be  present  if  circumstances  permit. 
Yours  very  truly, 

H.  H.  WHEELER. 


LETTER  FROM  JUDGE  ROSS. 

St.  Johnsbury,  June   30,  1873. 
Hon.  L.   C.  Dodge,  Mayor,   Burlington,    VL: 

My  Dear  Sir — I  have  delayed  answering  the  kind  invitation  of  the 
City  of  Burlington,  extended  through  you,  to  be  present  on  the  4th  prox- 
imo, at  the  Unveiling  of  the  Statue  of  Ethan  Allen,  to  see  if  I  could  not 
complete  my  term  of  court  here,  so  that  I  could  accept  the  invitation. 
Much  to  my  regret,  I  find  it  will  be  impossible  for  me  to  complete  my 
labors  here,  and  so  shall  be  unable  to  be  with  your  citizens  on  so  inter- 
esting an  occasion. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JONATHAN  ROSS. 


letter  from  hon.  daniel  baldwin. 

Montpelier,  July  3,  1873. 
Gov.  Converse: 

Dear  Sir— Gladly  would  I  be  with  you  and  other  members  of  the 
committee  to-morrow,  to  take  part  in  the  services  in  honor  of  the  first 
victor  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  but  the  infirmities  of  age  forbid.     As  it 


63 

is,  my  heart  will  be  with  you,  and  my  thoughts  will  be  of  the  early  patri- 
ots and  heroes.  My  birth  was  nearly  contemporaneous  with  the  organi- 
zation of  the  national  government,  and  when  I  had  come  to  years  of 
understanding  most  of  the  actors  in  the  Revolutionary  War  were  still  liv- 
ing, and  the  youngest  of  them  wers  in  the  fullest  vigor  of  manhood.  It 
was  my  lot  to  pay  to  several  of  them  the  reward  allotted  by  the  nation 
for  their  services,  and  thus  from  their  lips  I  learned  many  of  the  incidents 
of  the  war.  One  thing,  which  so  impressed  me  that  I  still  remember  it 
distinctly,  relates  to  the  event  which  the  monument  of  Ethan  Allen  is  to 
commemorate.  It  is  this  :  While  the  patriotism  of  the  men  of  the 
Revolution  was  of  the  strongest  type,  impelling  them  to  sacrifice  every- 
thing for  independence,  they  had  at  the  outset  very  little  confidence  of 
success.  Contrasting,  as  they  did,  the  widely  separated  and  sparsely  set- 
tled colonies,  without  a  head,  with  the  old,  organized  and  mighty  mother 
country,  with  her  navy  and  armies  and  wealth  to  sustain  her  through  a 
long  contest,  they  said  they  feared  they  were  unequal  to  the  task  they 
had  undertaken,  and  knew  not  how  or  where  to  begin  to  accomplish  any 
great  thing.  Then  it  was  that  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga  and  Crown 
Point  by  Allen  and  Warner  came  to  inspire  them  with  the  one  thing 
needful,  which  was  confidence.  From  that  moment  they  felt  equal  to 
anything  and  hastened  to  attempt  the  conquest  of  Canada.  Though 
they  failed  in  that,  the  lessons  of  war  which  they  had  learned  fitted  them 
for  the  fight  at  Hubbardton,  and  the  victories  at  Bennington  and  Sara- 
toga. These  were  the  fields  in  which  the  Green  Mountain  Boys  were 
eminent,  and  I  think  it  is  just  to  accord  to  Allen,  and  Warner  the  credit 
of  fitting  them  for  their  work  by  the  zeal  and  courage  and  confidence 
which  they  inspired. 

The  heroes  of  the  Revolution  are  dead,  and  the  men  of  the  next 
generation,  who  knew  them  personally,  are  falling  fast  on  every  side.  It 
is  time,  then,  to  perpetuate  in  marble  the  memorials  of  their  virtues, 
that  other  generations  may  admire  and  imitate  them  in  every  period  of 
national  peril. 

Very  respectfully,  your  humble  servant, 

DANIEL  BALDWIN. 


LETTER  FROM  ETHAN  A.  ALLEN. 

New  York,  July  3d,  1873. 

L.  C.  Dodge,  Esq. ,  Mayor  of  Burlington,    Vt. : 

Dear  Sir — It  was  my  intention  to  have  done  myself  the  pleasure  of 
being  with  you  to-morrow  on  the  occasion  of  the  Inauguration  of  the 
statue  to  my  grandfather,  Gen'l  Ethan  Allen,  but  circumstances  beyond 


64 

my  control  will  prevent  me,  which  I  assure  you  I  much  regret,  particularly 
as  I  am  the  only  surviving  grandson  of  Gen'l  Allen,  and  the  occasion 
could  not  be  otherwise  than  gratifying  to  me  in  witnessing  the  respect 
paid  to  one  of  our  Kevolutionary  patriots,  and  that  too  eighty-four  years 
after  his  death. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

ETHAN  A.  ALLEN. 


LETTER   FROM   MISS   ANN    ELIZA.   MUNSON. 

rlo  the  Committee  of  Arrangements : 

Gentlemen— The  name  of  Ethan  Allen  occupies  a  place  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  family  I  represent,  from  the  event  of  two  little  girls,  five  and 
seven  years  old,  being  lost  in  the  woods  of  Sunderland,  Vt.,  some  92 
years  ago,  the  younger  of  whom  was  my  mother.  From  my  earliest 
recollection  I  have  heard  her  relate  the  story  of  Ethan  Allen  and  the  lost 
children.  His  name  has  thus  been  endeared  to  her  family,  and  I  now 
make  this  offering*  to  his  memory  as  a  small  token  of  that  high  regard 
which  is  cherished  by  her  children  and  grand-children. 

In  all  the  great  and  heroic  deeds  of  his  eventful  life,  are  none  more 
noble  than  this  one  which  more  especially  relates  to  his  private  life,  none 
more  enduring;  and  I  trust  that  this  little  incident  will  add  something 
to  the  memory  of  that  man,  whose  name  will  always  be  dear  to  all  true 
Vermonters, 

A.  E.  MUNSON. 


The  following  acoount  of  the  incident  to  which  Miss  Munson's  note 
refersf  appeared  in  the  Burlington  Sentinel,  March  16,  1849. 

NARRATIVE 

OF    THE    REMARKABLE    PRESERVATION    OF     TWO    SMALL    CHILDREN,   LOST    IN 
SUNDERLAND,    BENNINGTON    CO.,    VERMONT,    A.    D.    1780. 

On  the  last  day  of  May,  1780,  Keziah,  aged  seven,  and  Belsy,  four 
years  of  age,  daughters  of  Eldad  Taylor,  living  in  Sunderland,  went 
into  the  woods  towards  the  Roaring  Branch,  about  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon.  After  wandering  about  an  hour  or  two  they  perceived  they 
were  lost.  Their  parents  became  alarmed  two  or  three  hours  after  their 
departure   and  several  of  their  neighbors  searched  all  night  by  torch 

*A  beautiful  bouquet  of  hot-house  flowers, 


.  65 

light.  The  second  day  the  country  was  alarmed— people  collected  from 
Manchester,  Arlington,  Shaftsbury  and  Bennington.  Col.  Ethan  Allen 
then  lived  in  Sunderland,  and  was  one  of  the  first  who  came  to  the  assist- 
ance of  the  distressed  family.  He  avowed  his  determination  to  find  the 
children,  or  look  till  he  died,  and  took  a  sort  of  command  o:  the  party 
from  the  first.  ..  They  were  to  advance  at  arm's  length  from  each  other  in 
a  line,  keeping  their  range — carefully  searching  as  they  proceeded— no 
guns  to  be  fired  at  game  of  any  kind,  or  on  any  occasion,  except  as  a 
signal  when  the  children  should  be  found.  Several  parties  encamped  in 
the  woods  and  staid  through  the  second  night.  The  country  for  a  great 
distance  was  in  agitation,  and  on  the  third  day,  people  came  from  the 
borders  of  Massachusetts  and  from  Whitecreek,  Salem  and  Cambridge, 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  until  it  was  now  believed  by  those  now  living 
who  were  present,  that  the  number  amounted  to  six  or  seven  hundred. 
On  the  third  day,  the  sun  being  three  hours  high,  nearly  the  whole  com- 
pany came  to  the  residence  of  the  parents— faint,  weary  and  hungry. 
They  seemed  to  be  discouraged  and  several  were  about  to  withdraw.  At 
that  critical  moment,  Col.  Allen  ascended  a  stump,  and  in  a  voice  as  loud 
as  when  he  summoned  the  command  of  Fort  Ticonderoga  to  surrender, 
he  commanded  attention.  The  people  gave  heed,  and  he  addressed  them 
in  the  most  earnest  manner — pointed  to  the  afflicted  and  agonized 
parents  who  stood  near  him — begged  every  man  to  make  the  case  his  own 
and  ask  himself,  if  the  lost  children  were  his,  whether  he  would  go  off, 
without  making  one  more  effort  to  find  them.  The  tears  fell  fast  from 
his  cheeks,  and  it  is  believed  that  there  were  but  few  if  any  dry  eyes  in 
that  assemblage  of  several  hundred  men.  "I'll  go— I'll  go,"  was  heard 
from  every  quarter  of  the  crowd.  They  took  to  the  woods  with  fresh 
courage  and  before  the  sun  wenC  down,  as  if  to  reward  their  kind  inten- 
tions, the  signal  was  fired — the  lost  children  were  found,  and  found 
alive.  The  signal  was  immediately  answered  by  the  main  body.  They 
were  found  by  Captains  Bull,  Bartlett*,  Underhill,  and  Dyer  Bingham, 
who  had  by  some  means  been  separated  from  the  main  body  and  were 
not  at  the  house  when  Col.  Allen  addressed  the  multitude. 

The  children  were  soon  brought  in,  and  the  company  returned  to  the 
house  of  the  parents.  The  company  were  then  formed  in  two  lines  fac- 
ing each  other  a  few  feet  apart — the  parents  each  with  one  of  the  lost 
children  passed  through,  that  all  might  see  them  ;— Col.  Allen  walked 
immediately  after  the  parents,  making  such  observations  as  the  occasion 
seemed  to  require.  That  done,  the  Colonel  again  ascended  the  stump, 
thanked  the  people  very  handsomely  on. behalf  of  the  parents  for  their 
kindness,  so  long  continued,  and  thanked  God  most  heartily  for  their 
success.     The  people  then  departed  peaceably  to  their  homes. 

From  a  late  relation  of  one  of  the  persons  it  appears  that  alter  per- 
ceiving they  were  lost,  they  exerted  themselves  to  find  their  way  back 
until  after  dark,  when  weary  with  walking  and  crying  they  sank  down 
and  slept  at  the  foot  of  a  large  tree.  The  next  day  they  wandered  in 
search  of  berries — the  only  substitute  for  food.  They  heard  the  sound- 
ing of  horns  frequently  but  did  not  know  from  what  direction  it  pro- 
ceeded ; — this  being  the  second  day,  they  made  a  bed  of  hemlock  boughs 
and  moss  upon  a  large  rock,  upon  which  they  slept  that  night—  and  on 
that  rock  they  were  found.  The  younger  child  was  sick  and  thirsty  in 
the  night — they  got  up,  took  hold  of  hands,  groped  their  way  down  to 
the  branch,  drank  and  returned.  On  the  third  doy  near  night  they  were 
seen  by  one  of  the  four  gentlemen  above  named  ;  and  the  first  exclama- 
tion, was  "I've  found  'em"— the  children  started  up  from  their  bed,  fearing 
they  were  Indians.  One  of  the  gentlemen  said,  "  Will  you  go  with  us  ? 
the   eldest  replied,    "Yes,  if  you  be  Indians  we'll  go  with  you  if  you'll 


■  Capt.  Benjamin  Bartlett  now  resides  in  Jericho,  Vt. 


66   . 

carry  us  home  to  our  father  and  mother."  One  of  the  number  immedi. 
ately  gave  them  a  small  quantity  of  moistened  bread  and  brought  them 
in  as  soon  as  possible. 

Betsey,  the  younger  of  the  two  children,  is  the  wife  of  Captain  John 
Munson,  now  living  in  the  town  of  Burlington,  Vt. 

I  he  eldest  of  the  two  was  the  wife  of  John  Jones,  and  died  some 
years  sirce  at  Williston,  Vt. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 





JAN     2  1334 


I2h"fe5 


MM 


wGi2msm 


-tfim 


58f*t 


iREC'O  LP 


^ | 


\\*s* 


%SJ^*- 


LD  21-1007tt-7,'33 


383317 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


